CNIT 176 Final UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Abstract data type - CORRECT ANSWER A data type whose properties (data and operations) are specified
independently of any particular implementation
LIFO - CORRECT ANSWER last in first out
Composite data type - CORRECT ANSWER A data type in which a name is given to a collection of data values
List - CORRECT ANSWER "container of items", logical operations that can be applied are: Add item, Remove
item, Get next item, or More items
Container - CORRECT ANSWER Object's whole role is to hold and manipulate other objects
Stack - CORRECT ANSWER An abstract data type in which accesses are made at only one end (LIFO)
Data structure - CORRECT ANSWER Implementation of composite data fields in an abstract data type
Push - CORRECT ANSWER insert on a stack
Array- based - CORRECT ANSWER Objects in the container are kept in an array
Pop - CORRECT ANSWER delete on a stack
Linked-based - CORRECT ANSWER Objects in the container are not kept physically together, but each items tells
you where to go to get the next one in the structure
Queue - CORRECT ANSWER An abstract data type in which items are entered at one end and removed from the
other end (FIFO)
FIFO - CORRECT ANSWER first in first out
Multiprogramming - CORRECT ANSWER the technique of keeping multiple programs in main memory at the
same time
Frame - CORRECT ANSWER a fixed size portion of main memory that holds a process page
Batch processing - CORRECT ANSWER The first operating system was a human operator who organized various
jobs from multiple users into batches of jobs that needed the same resources
Page - CORRECT ANSWER a fixed size portion of a process that is stored into a memory frame
Time sharing - CORRECT ANSWER allows multiple users to interact with a computer at the same time
Swap - CORRECT ANSWER the act of bringing in a page from secondary memory, which often causes another
page to be written back to secondary memory
Thrashing - CORRECT ANSWER inefficient processing caused by constant page swaps
Single Contiguous Memory Management - CORRECT ANSWER only 2 programs in memory- operating system
and application program
Process control block - CORRECT ANSWER a data structure used by the operating system to manage information
about a process
,Fixed partitions - CORRECT ANSWER memory is divided into fixed number of partitions in which programs can
be loaded
Context switch - CORRECT ANSWER the exchange of register information
First come, first serve - CORRECT ANSWER processes are moved to the CPU in the order they arrive in the
running state
Shortest job next - CORRECT ANSWER process with the shortest estimated running time in the ready state is
moved into the running state first
Round robin - CORRECT ANSWER each process runs for a specified time slice and moves from the running state
to the ready state to wait its turn if not finished
Dynamic partitions - CORRECT ANSWER partitions are created as needed to fit the programs waiting to be
loaded
Non preemptive - CORRECT ANSWER the currently executing process gives up the CPU voluntarily
Preemptive - CORRECT ANSWER the operating system decides to favor another process
Turnaround time - CORRECT ANSWER the amount of time between when a process arrives in the ready state the
first time and when it exits the running state for the last time
Bounds register - CORRECT ANSWER a register that holds the length of the current partition
Quantum - CORRECT ANSWER The amount of time each process receives before being preempted and returned
to the ready state to allow another process its turn, also called Time Slice
First fit - CORRECT ANSWER allocate program to the first partition big enough to hold it
Best fit - CORRECT ANSWER allocate program to the smallest partition big enough to hold it
Worst fit - CORRECT ANSWER allocate program to the biggest partition able to hold it
BIOS - CORRECT ANSWER Where hardware meets software, and where all the boot magic begins; BIOS code is
baked into the motherboard of your pc, usually stored on what is called an EEPROM and is considerably hardware
specific.
Partition table - CORRECT ANSWER an index of up to four partitions that exist on the same disk, a table of
contents
MBR - CORRECT ANSWER Master Boot Record: Located at the first sector of a hard disk, the MBR identifies
how and where the OS is located so that it can be loaded into main RAM.
JMP Instruction - CORRECT ANSWER assembly equivalent of a goto command
Active partition - CORRECT ANSWER Partition on a hard drive where the OS boots off of, also called a bootable
partition
Boot menu - CORRECT ANSWER When a computer is booting up the bios will allow the user to access the boot
menu if a certain key is pressed (normally F2, F12 or esc.) From the boot menu the user can select a bootable device to
load.
Bootloader - CORRECT ANSWER A program that loads an operating system when a computer is turned on. The
bootsector loads and runs the bootloader from its filesystem. When the bootloader is finally executed, it loads its
configuration/database from files on the same partition.
OS Kernel - CORRECT ANSWER Communicates with and controls the hardware
, EEPROM - CORRECT ANSWER where the BIOS code is baked into the motherboard of your PC, considerably
hardware-specific.
Dual/ Multibooting - CORRECT ANSWER Support for loading multiple operating systems
POST - CORRECT ANSWER Power-On Self Test
NTLDR - CORRECT ANSWER the default bootloader for Windows NT, 2000, and XP; BOOT.INI on the active
partition contains the list of operating systems and their locations; NTDETECT.COM is a helper program that runs to
detect hardware and identify devices
BOOTMGR - CORRECT ANSWER the new Windows and is used on Windows Vista, 7, 8, and 10; list of
operating systems is now read from the BCD file in the BOOT directory on the active partition; is self-contained, and
does not need any helper programs or routines
GRUB - CORRECT ANSWER the most popular bootloader for Linux, though it can boot numerous other OSes as
well; its boot settings are stored in a file usually called grub.cfg (GRUB2) or menu.lst (GRUB); GRUB is a modular
bootloader can load additional modules from disk
Boot device - CORRECT ANSWER any piece of hardware that can read or contains the files required for a
computer to start. For example, Floppy disk, CD, DVD, and USB Flash Drive are considered bootable devices
Startup disk - CORRECT ANSWER Hard drive where the BIOS loads a very small program and tells the CPU to
execute its contents, handing off control of the computer to whatever is on the hard drive and ending, its active role in
loading your PC. Also called a "the boot device" or "drive 0"
Drive - CORRECT ANSWER An electromechanical device that contains and reads and writes magnetic disks,
optical discs or magnetic tapes
Filesystem drivers - CORRECT ANSWER give the bootloader the ability to read, at the very least, the filesystem it
is located on
Firmware - CORRECT ANSWER permanent software programmed into read-only memory
Unified Extensible firmware interface - CORRECT ANSWER (UEFI/EFI) an advanced interface standard of
firmware for operating system compared to legacy BIOS. Supports fast PC startup, bootable GPT hard drive, larger
capacity (more than 2 TB) etc.
GUID partition table - CORRECT ANSWER a standard for the layout of the partition table on a physical storage
device used in a desktop or server PC, such as a hard disk drive or solid-state drive, using globally unique identifiers
(GUID)
efi file - CORRECT ANSWER These files define the interface between platform firmware and a user's operating
system
EFI system partition - CORRECT ANSWER a special partition on the hard drive that the UEFI file is stored
Block devices - CORRECT ANSWER standard magnetic disk, optical drives, solid state drives, storage area
networks
File operations (for 1,2,3) - CORRECT ANSWER file as a whole (1): Copy, move, list, print, load and execute a
program, load file into memory, store file from memory, append data from memory to file, compile, assemble file. Within
a file (2): open a file, read a number of bytes from file, write a number of bytes to a file, move the file pointer forward or
backward, move file pointer to beginning of a file, close a file. Record storage (3): retrieve a record (read), store a record
(write), add a record to a file, delete a record, modify contents of a record.
File - CORRECT ANSWER a named collection of related data, used for organizing secondary memory
and CORRECT Answers
Abstract data type - CORRECT ANSWER A data type whose properties (data and operations) are specified
independently of any particular implementation
LIFO - CORRECT ANSWER last in first out
Composite data type - CORRECT ANSWER A data type in which a name is given to a collection of data values
List - CORRECT ANSWER "container of items", logical operations that can be applied are: Add item, Remove
item, Get next item, or More items
Container - CORRECT ANSWER Object's whole role is to hold and manipulate other objects
Stack - CORRECT ANSWER An abstract data type in which accesses are made at only one end (LIFO)
Data structure - CORRECT ANSWER Implementation of composite data fields in an abstract data type
Push - CORRECT ANSWER insert on a stack
Array- based - CORRECT ANSWER Objects in the container are kept in an array
Pop - CORRECT ANSWER delete on a stack
Linked-based - CORRECT ANSWER Objects in the container are not kept physically together, but each items tells
you where to go to get the next one in the structure
Queue - CORRECT ANSWER An abstract data type in which items are entered at one end and removed from the
other end (FIFO)
FIFO - CORRECT ANSWER first in first out
Multiprogramming - CORRECT ANSWER the technique of keeping multiple programs in main memory at the
same time
Frame - CORRECT ANSWER a fixed size portion of main memory that holds a process page
Batch processing - CORRECT ANSWER The first operating system was a human operator who organized various
jobs from multiple users into batches of jobs that needed the same resources
Page - CORRECT ANSWER a fixed size portion of a process that is stored into a memory frame
Time sharing - CORRECT ANSWER allows multiple users to interact with a computer at the same time
Swap - CORRECT ANSWER the act of bringing in a page from secondary memory, which often causes another
page to be written back to secondary memory
Thrashing - CORRECT ANSWER inefficient processing caused by constant page swaps
Single Contiguous Memory Management - CORRECT ANSWER only 2 programs in memory- operating system
and application program
Process control block - CORRECT ANSWER a data structure used by the operating system to manage information
about a process
,Fixed partitions - CORRECT ANSWER memory is divided into fixed number of partitions in which programs can
be loaded
Context switch - CORRECT ANSWER the exchange of register information
First come, first serve - CORRECT ANSWER processes are moved to the CPU in the order they arrive in the
running state
Shortest job next - CORRECT ANSWER process with the shortest estimated running time in the ready state is
moved into the running state first
Round robin - CORRECT ANSWER each process runs for a specified time slice and moves from the running state
to the ready state to wait its turn if not finished
Dynamic partitions - CORRECT ANSWER partitions are created as needed to fit the programs waiting to be
loaded
Non preemptive - CORRECT ANSWER the currently executing process gives up the CPU voluntarily
Preemptive - CORRECT ANSWER the operating system decides to favor another process
Turnaround time - CORRECT ANSWER the amount of time between when a process arrives in the ready state the
first time and when it exits the running state for the last time
Bounds register - CORRECT ANSWER a register that holds the length of the current partition
Quantum - CORRECT ANSWER The amount of time each process receives before being preempted and returned
to the ready state to allow another process its turn, also called Time Slice
First fit - CORRECT ANSWER allocate program to the first partition big enough to hold it
Best fit - CORRECT ANSWER allocate program to the smallest partition big enough to hold it
Worst fit - CORRECT ANSWER allocate program to the biggest partition able to hold it
BIOS - CORRECT ANSWER Where hardware meets software, and where all the boot magic begins; BIOS code is
baked into the motherboard of your pc, usually stored on what is called an EEPROM and is considerably hardware
specific.
Partition table - CORRECT ANSWER an index of up to four partitions that exist on the same disk, a table of
contents
MBR - CORRECT ANSWER Master Boot Record: Located at the first sector of a hard disk, the MBR identifies
how and where the OS is located so that it can be loaded into main RAM.
JMP Instruction - CORRECT ANSWER assembly equivalent of a goto command
Active partition - CORRECT ANSWER Partition on a hard drive where the OS boots off of, also called a bootable
partition
Boot menu - CORRECT ANSWER When a computer is booting up the bios will allow the user to access the boot
menu if a certain key is pressed (normally F2, F12 or esc.) From the boot menu the user can select a bootable device to
load.
Bootloader - CORRECT ANSWER A program that loads an operating system when a computer is turned on. The
bootsector loads and runs the bootloader from its filesystem. When the bootloader is finally executed, it loads its
configuration/database from files on the same partition.
OS Kernel - CORRECT ANSWER Communicates with and controls the hardware
, EEPROM - CORRECT ANSWER where the BIOS code is baked into the motherboard of your PC, considerably
hardware-specific.
Dual/ Multibooting - CORRECT ANSWER Support for loading multiple operating systems
POST - CORRECT ANSWER Power-On Self Test
NTLDR - CORRECT ANSWER the default bootloader for Windows NT, 2000, and XP; BOOT.INI on the active
partition contains the list of operating systems and their locations; NTDETECT.COM is a helper program that runs to
detect hardware and identify devices
BOOTMGR - CORRECT ANSWER the new Windows and is used on Windows Vista, 7, 8, and 10; list of
operating systems is now read from the BCD file in the BOOT directory on the active partition; is self-contained, and
does not need any helper programs or routines
GRUB - CORRECT ANSWER the most popular bootloader for Linux, though it can boot numerous other OSes as
well; its boot settings are stored in a file usually called grub.cfg (GRUB2) or menu.lst (GRUB); GRUB is a modular
bootloader can load additional modules from disk
Boot device - CORRECT ANSWER any piece of hardware that can read or contains the files required for a
computer to start. For example, Floppy disk, CD, DVD, and USB Flash Drive are considered bootable devices
Startup disk - CORRECT ANSWER Hard drive where the BIOS loads a very small program and tells the CPU to
execute its contents, handing off control of the computer to whatever is on the hard drive and ending, its active role in
loading your PC. Also called a "the boot device" or "drive 0"
Drive - CORRECT ANSWER An electromechanical device that contains and reads and writes magnetic disks,
optical discs or magnetic tapes
Filesystem drivers - CORRECT ANSWER give the bootloader the ability to read, at the very least, the filesystem it
is located on
Firmware - CORRECT ANSWER permanent software programmed into read-only memory
Unified Extensible firmware interface - CORRECT ANSWER (UEFI/EFI) an advanced interface standard of
firmware for operating system compared to legacy BIOS. Supports fast PC startup, bootable GPT hard drive, larger
capacity (more than 2 TB) etc.
GUID partition table - CORRECT ANSWER a standard for the layout of the partition table on a physical storage
device used in a desktop or server PC, such as a hard disk drive or solid-state drive, using globally unique identifiers
(GUID)
efi file - CORRECT ANSWER These files define the interface between platform firmware and a user's operating
system
EFI system partition - CORRECT ANSWER a special partition on the hard drive that the UEFI file is stored
Block devices - CORRECT ANSWER standard magnetic disk, optical drives, solid state drives, storage area
networks
File operations (for 1,2,3) - CORRECT ANSWER file as a whole (1): Copy, move, list, print, load and execute a
program, load file into memory, store file from memory, append data from memory to file, compile, assemble file. Within
a file (2): open a file, read a number of bytes from file, write a number of bytes to a file, move the file pointer forward or
backward, move file pointer to beginning of a file, close a file. Record storage (3): retrieve a record (read), store a record
(write), add a record to a file, delete a record, modify contents of a record.
File - CORRECT ANSWER a named collection of related data, used for organizing secondary memory
