CJC 404 Final Exam Study Guide UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
, Inheritance of DNA Characteristics An individual's DNA is located in every nucleated cell in the body;
-Skin cells
-Spermatozoa
-White blood cells
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) Most successful and widely used DNA profiling procedure.
STRs are locations on the chromosome that contain short tandem repeats that
repeat themselves within the DNA molecule.
Short Tandem Repeat in Forensics Used by the FBI since 1998. STR testing uses a complex process to test multiple
genetic markers at the same time and to determine gender. Automated, color-
coded, rapid, computerized.
DNA in Non-criminal Cases Paternity cases, probate issues, immigration cases, and victim identification in
mass disasters (9/11, Hurricane Katrina)
Examination of Dried Blood Determine the following:
Is it blood?
What species did it originate from?
How closely can it be associated with a particular individual?
Blood Origin Testing The extracted bloodstain and the human antiserum are placed in separate holes
opposite each other on the gel.
If the blood is human, a line of precipitation forms where the antigens and the
antibodies meet.
Individualizing Bloodstains Once it is determined to be human blood, efforts must be made to
associate/dissociate the stain with one person. Association is done using DNA
analysis.
Mitochondrial DNA Used for individual characterization. Located outside the cell's nucleus and is
inherited from the mother.
Mitochondria are structures found in all cells, used to provide energy needed for
bodily function.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
, Inheritance of DNA Characteristics An individual's DNA is located in every nucleated cell in the body;
-Skin cells
-Spermatozoa
-White blood cells
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) Most successful and widely used DNA profiling procedure.
STRs are locations on the chromosome that contain short tandem repeats that
repeat themselves within the DNA molecule.
Short Tandem Repeat in Forensics Used by the FBI since 1998. STR testing uses a complex process to test multiple
genetic markers at the same time and to determine gender. Automated, color-
coded, rapid, computerized.
DNA in Non-criminal Cases Paternity cases, probate issues, immigration cases, and victim identification in
mass disasters (9/11, Hurricane Katrina)
Examination of Dried Blood Determine the following:
Is it blood?
What species did it originate from?
How closely can it be associated with a particular individual?
Blood Origin Testing The extracted bloodstain and the human antiserum are placed in separate holes
opposite each other on the gel.
If the blood is human, a line of precipitation forms where the antigens and the
antibodies meet.
Individualizing Bloodstains Once it is determined to be human blood, efforts must be made to
associate/dissociate the stain with one person. Association is done using DNA
analysis.
Mitochondrial DNA Used for individual characterization. Located outside the cell's nucleus and is
inherited from the mother.
Mitochondria are structures found in all cells, used to provide energy needed for
bodily function.
