2025-2026
Portage Biochemistry Module 1-
b b b
8 Exam
b
Questions & Answers (- b b b
2026 UPDATE) PASSING SCORE G
b b b b
UARANTEED
.
TABLE OF CONTENT
b b
MODULE 1…...........................11
b
MODULE 2…...........................17
b
MODULE 3…........................... 28
b
MODULE 4…............................35
b
MODULE 5…............................42
b
MODULE 6…............................50
b
MODULE 7… ............................ 61
b
MODULE 8…............................ 67
b
ALLbQUESTIONSbANDbANSWERSb100%bVERIFIEDbMODULEb1
, 2025-2026
bDefinitionbofbbiochemistryb-
bANSb➤chemistrybofblife;bhowbpropertiesbofborganismsbrelatebtobtheirbmolecules
Whatbarebtheb3bthingsbbiochemistsbstudy?b-
bANSb➤1.bThebrelationshipbbetweenbstructurebandbfunctionbofbbiomolecules
2. Chemicalbreactionsbofborganismsb(metabolism)
3. Communicationbwithinbandbamongborganisms
Whatbarebbulkbelements?b-bANSb➤Elementsbthatbarebabundantbinblivingborganisms
Whatbarebtracebelements?b-
bANSb➤Elementsbthatbareblessbabundantbinborganismsbbutbstillbcrucialbforblife
Namebthebbulkbelementsb(10)b-bANSb➤H,bNa,bK,bCa,bC,bN,bO,bP,bS,bCl
Namebthebtracebelementsb(13)b-bANSb➤Mg,bV,bCr,bMn,bFe,bCo,bNi,bCu,bZn,bMo,bW,bSe,bI
What'sbanotherbwordbforbabfirefly?b-bANSb➤Lightningbbug
Explainbthebchemicalbreactionbofblightningbbugsb-
bANSb➤Thebchemicalbreactionbisbcalledbbioluminescence.bProteinsbregulate,bproduce,bandbdeg
radebtheblight-
emittingbcompoundbcalledbluciferin.bLuciferin,bwhenbactedbuponbbybabprotein,bglowsbasbbugsb
move.bThisbchemicalbreactionbisbregulatedbbybthebproteinb(enzyme)bcalledbluciferase.
Howbmanybnaturallyboccurringbelementsbexist?bHowbmanybarebfoundbinblivingborganismsbandb
whatbkindbofbelements?b-
bANSb➤90bnaturallyboccurringbelements,blessbthanb30belementsbarebfoundbinblivingborganisms.
Mostbofbtheseb30belementsbarebsmallerbnon-metals.
Whybarebsmallerbelementsbfavoredbforblivingborganisms?b-
bANSb➤Theybcanbformbstable,bcovalentbbonds
, 2025-2026
Howbarebstrongbbondsbformed?b-
bANSb➤Strongbbondsbformbbybsignificantboverlapbofbatoms,bsuchbasbcarbonbandbhydrogen,bper
mittingbthembtobsharebelectrons
Whybisbthebstrongbbondbgoodbforblivingborganisms?b-
bANSb➤Thebbondbthatbformsbrequiresbsignificantbenergybtobbreakbit.bThisbmeansbthebbondsbca
nbwithstandbmechanicalbandbthermalbpressuresbthroughbthebgrowthbofbhair/skinbforbprotection
.
Doblargerbelementsbformbstablebcovalentbbonds?b-bANSb➤No
DescribebthebrolebofbIronbasbablargerbelementb-
bANSb➤Ironbhasbabcriticalbrolebinbhemoglobinbforboxygenbtransportbinbvertebrates.
Formsbanbionbcapablebofbbindingbtoboxygen.
DescribebHbandbObinbH2Ob-
bANSb➤BothbHbandbObarebfoundbinblargebamounts.bTheybarebsmallbatomsbthatbformbstrongbbo
nds.bWhenbbondedbasbH2O,btheybformbabsmall,bpolarbmoleculebthatbsolvatesbandbdissolvesbma
nybcompounds.
H2Obmakesbupb %borbmorebofblivingbthingsb-bANSb➤70%
Somebplantbspeciesbareb %bwaterbbybmassb-bANSb➤90%
Whatbisbtheb"medium"bofblifebandbwhy?b-
bANSb➤Water,bitbisbfoundbinballbcellsbandbmulticellularborganisms
Whatbisbthebshapebandbbondbanglebofbwater?bExplainbitsbbondbangleb-
bANSb➤WaterbisbshownbinbabBENTbstructurebwithb104.5bdegreebbondbanglebduebtobthebrepulsi
onbofbelectronsbinbchemicalbbonds.
Namebthebfourbcommonbmolecularbshapesbofbsimplebcompounds,btheirbbondbangles,bandbthe
irbcommonbdescriptionb-bANSb➤Linear:b180bdegrees,bcommonbinbCO2bandbtriplebbonds
TrigonalbPlanar:b120bdegrees,bcommonbwithbdoublebbondsbTrigo
nalbPyramidal:b107.5bdegrees,bcommonbinbnitrogenbatoms
Tetrahedral:b109.5bdegrees,bcommonbwithbcarbonbatomsbwithballbsinglebbonds
, 2025-2026
Whatbisborganicbchemistry?b-
bANSb➤focusesbonbchemicalbandbphysicalbpropertiesbofbcarbonbcompounds
Whatbisbinorganicbchemistry?b-bANSb➤focusesbonbmetals,bminerals,bandbotherbnon-
organicbcompounds
Whatbisbcarbon'sbnickname?b-bANSb➤supergluebofbchemicalbworld
Whatbdoesbcarbonbhavebthebabilitybto?b-
bANSb➤abilitybtobformbstablebcovalentbbondsbinbuniquebcombination
Describebthebpropertiesbofbcarbonb(5)b-bANSb➤-
Hasb4bvalencebelectronsbpermittingbitbtobformb4bbonds
-Formsblongbchainsbofbcarbonsb(polymers)
-formsbdoublebandbtriplebbonds
-formsbcyclicbcompounds
-formsbbondsbwithbmanybotherbatoms,bincludingbH/N/O
Describebcyclicbcompoundsbandbwhybthey'rebgoodb-
bANSb➤ringbcompoundsbthatbarebpresentbinbproteins,bDNA,bRNA,bandbsugarbcompounds;bmor
ebstablebforbstructuresbandbshapesbandbrestrictedbmovement
Whatbarebalkanes?b-bANSb➤compoundsbthatbarebstraight-
chainbcompoundsbwithbonlybcarbonbandbhydrogenbatoms
Listbthebsixbcommonbalkanesbandbtheirbchemicalbformulasb-bANSb➤-methanebCH4
-ethanebC2H6
-propanebC3H8
-butanebC4H10
-pentanebC5H12
-heptanebC7H16
Portage Biochemistry Module 1-
b b b
8 Exam
b
Questions & Answers (- b b b
2026 UPDATE) PASSING SCORE G
b b b b
UARANTEED
.
TABLE OF CONTENT
b b
MODULE 1…...........................11
b
MODULE 2…...........................17
b
MODULE 3…........................... 28
b
MODULE 4…............................35
b
MODULE 5…............................42
b
MODULE 6…............................50
b
MODULE 7… ............................ 61
b
MODULE 8…............................ 67
b
ALLbQUESTIONSbANDbANSWERSb100%bVERIFIEDbMODULEb1
, 2025-2026
bDefinitionbofbbiochemistryb-
bANSb➤chemistrybofblife;bhowbpropertiesbofborganismsbrelatebtobtheirbmolecules
Whatbarebtheb3bthingsbbiochemistsbstudy?b-
bANSb➤1.bThebrelationshipbbetweenbstructurebandbfunctionbofbbiomolecules
2. Chemicalbreactionsbofborganismsb(metabolism)
3. Communicationbwithinbandbamongborganisms
Whatbarebbulkbelements?b-bANSb➤Elementsbthatbarebabundantbinblivingborganisms
Whatbarebtracebelements?b-
bANSb➤Elementsbthatbareblessbabundantbinborganismsbbutbstillbcrucialbforblife
Namebthebbulkbelementsb(10)b-bANSb➤H,bNa,bK,bCa,bC,bN,bO,bP,bS,bCl
Namebthebtracebelementsb(13)b-bANSb➤Mg,bV,bCr,bMn,bFe,bCo,bNi,bCu,bZn,bMo,bW,bSe,bI
What'sbanotherbwordbforbabfirefly?b-bANSb➤Lightningbbug
Explainbthebchemicalbreactionbofblightningbbugsb-
bANSb➤Thebchemicalbreactionbisbcalledbbioluminescence.bProteinsbregulate,bproduce,bandbdeg
radebtheblight-
emittingbcompoundbcalledbluciferin.bLuciferin,bwhenbactedbuponbbybabprotein,bglowsbasbbugsb
move.bThisbchemicalbreactionbisbregulatedbbybthebproteinb(enzyme)bcalledbluciferase.
Howbmanybnaturallyboccurringbelementsbexist?bHowbmanybarebfoundbinblivingborganismsbandb
whatbkindbofbelements?b-
bANSb➤90bnaturallyboccurringbelements,blessbthanb30belementsbarebfoundbinblivingborganisms.
Mostbofbtheseb30belementsbarebsmallerbnon-metals.
Whybarebsmallerbelementsbfavoredbforblivingborganisms?b-
bANSb➤Theybcanbformbstable,bcovalentbbonds
, 2025-2026
Howbarebstrongbbondsbformed?b-
bANSb➤Strongbbondsbformbbybsignificantboverlapbofbatoms,bsuchbasbcarbonbandbhydrogen,bper
mittingbthembtobsharebelectrons
Whybisbthebstrongbbondbgoodbforblivingborganisms?b-
bANSb➤Thebbondbthatbformsbrequiresbsignificantbenergybtobbreakbit.bThisbmeansbthebbondsbca
nbwithstandbmechanicalbandbthermalbpressuresbthroughbthebgrowthbofbhair/skinbforbprotection
.
Doblargerbelementsbformbstablebcovalentbbonds?b-bANSb➤No
DescribebthebrolebofbIronbasbablargerbelementb-
bANSb➤Ironbhasbabcriticalbrolebinbhemoglobinbforboxygenbtransportbinbvertebrates.
Formsbanbionbcapablebofbbindingbtoboxygen.
DescribebHbandbObinbH2Ob-
bANSb➤BothbHbandbObarebfoundbinblargebamounts.bTheybarebsmallbatomsbthatbformbstrongbbo
nds.bWhenbbondedbasbH2O,btheybformbabsmall,bpolarbmoleculebthatbsolvatesbandbdissolvesbma
nybcompounds.
H2Obmakesbupb %borbmorebofblivingbthingsb-bANSb➤70%
Somebplantbspeciesbareb %bwaterbbybmassb-bANSb➤90%
Whatbisbtheb"medium"bofblifebandbwhy?b-
bANSb➤Water,bitbisbfoundbinballbcellsbandbmulticellularborganisms
Whatbisbthebshapebandbbondbanglebofbwater?bExplainbitsbbondbangleb-
bANSb➤WaterbisbshownbinbabBENTbstructurebwithb104.5bdegreebbondbanglebduebtobthebrepulsi
onbofbelectronsbinbchemicalbbonds.
Namebthebfourbcommonbmolecularbshapesbofbsimplebcompounds,btheirbbondbangles,bandbthe
irbcommonbdescriptionb-bANSb➤Linear:b180bdegrees,bcommonbinbCO2bandbtriplebbonds
TrigonalbPlanar:b120bdegrees,bcommonbwithbdoublebbondsbTrigo
nalbPyramidal:b107.5bdegrees,bcommonbinbnitrogenbatoms
Tetrahedral:b109.5bdegrees,bcommonbwithbcarbonbatomsbwithballbsinglebbonds
, 2025-2026
Whatbisborganicbchemistry?b-
bANSb➤focusesbonbchemicalbandbphysicalbpropertiesbofbcarbonbcompounds
Whatbisbinorganicbchemistry?b-bANSb➤focusesbonbmetals,bminerals,bandbotherbnon-
organicbcompounds
Whatbisbcarbon'sbnickname?b-bANSb➤supergluebofbchemicalbworld
Whatbdoesbcarbonbhavebthebabilitybto?b-
bANSb➤abilitybtobformbstablebcovalentbbondsbinbuniquebcombination
Describebthebpropertiesbofbcarbonb(5)b-bANSb➤-
Hasb4bvalencebelectronsbpermittingbitbtobformb4bbonds
-Formsblongbchainsbofbcarbonsb(polymers)
-formsbdoublebandbtriplebbonds
-formsbcyclicbcompounds
-formsbbondsbwithbmanybotherbatoms,bincludingbH/N/O
Describebcyclicbcompoundsbandbwhybthey'rebgoodb-
bANSb➤ringbcompoundsbthatbarebpresentbinbproteins,bDNA,bRNA,bandbsugarbcompounds;bmor
ebstablebforbstructuresbandbshapesbandbrestrictedbmovement
Whatbarebalkanes?b-bANSb➤compoundsbthatbarebstraight-
chainbcompoundsbwithbonlybcarbonbandbhydrogenbatoms
Listbthebsixbcommonbalkanesbandbtheirbchemicalbformulasb-bANSb➤-methanebCH4
-ethanebC2H6
-propanebC3H8
-butanebC4H10
-pentanebC5H12
-heptanebC7H16
