Developmental Disabilities Exam 2 Questions and
Answers| Latest Update
What is a Developmental Disability?
Infancy or childhood onset disability,
A variety of conditions that interfere with a person's ability to function in everyday
activities.
Not all the causes are not known. most present at birth.
(Most are present at birth, but others may not be recognized and identified until
later in life.
"Disabilities challenge the people who have them because they can change the
way people grow, learn and function.")
lean the toe painter had one goal and on her bucket list is what did she do? and
how old did she turn?
skydiving. jumped out of airplane on her 30th birthday
we dont know what causes autism what is it not
vaccines
,CEREBRAL PALSY (CP):
"Cerebral" means the brain. "Palsy" means moving of the muscles in a way that
the person can't control.
Injury to the developing brain before or during birth or during the first year of life.
Does not get worse over time.
Cerebral palsy keeps the brain from telling the rest of the body some of the things
it is supposed to do.
It might be hard for a person with cerebral palsy to talk, walk, see, hear, sit, or
swallow.
Many people with CP have normal intelligence.
Cerebral Palsy
Abnormalities of muscle tone, movement, and posture
Spasticity is the most common
Secondary dysfunction and deformities may occur
Other symptoms of cerebral dysfunction, such as learning disabilities, mental
retardation, and seizures, may be seen, but it is the motoric dysfunction that is
essential to its recognition
The incidence of CP over the past 20 years has remained at 2 cases per 1,000
births in the US
Prenatal Causes of CP
,Hereditary
Infections
Prenatal Anoxia
Rh Incompatibility
Prematurity
Metabolic Disorders
Unknown Origin
Perinatal Causes of CP
Trauma (birth injury)
Lack of Oxygen (fetal asphyxia, anoxia, or hypoxia)
Postnatal Causes of CP
Traumatic Head Injuries
Infections or Toxic Conditions
Brain Hemorrhages or Clots
Cerebral Anoxia
Brain Tumors
Functional Presentation of CP
CP is classified on the basis of etiology, tone, and anatomical distribution of
neurological abnormalities
, Pyramidal or spastic CP is the most common, occurring in 65-75% of all cases
Extrapyramidal or nonspastic types of CP are responsible for about 20% of cases
Differential Diagnosis CP
Up to 40% of people with an initial diagnosis of CP have been incorrectly
diagnosed
Other disorders that present with gross motor delays, aberrant tone, and
abnormal movement patterns include intellectual disability, neurodegenerative
disorders, hydrocephalus, subdural effusion, slowly growing brain tumors, spinal
cord lesions, MD, spinal muscular atrophy, and congenital cerebellar ataxia
Differential Diagnosis CP cont
Investigations that may be helpful in substantiating or excluding the diagnosis of
CP include the following:
CT or MRI scans to assess for structural lesions
Ultrasound of the head to exclude the possibility of intraventricular hemorrhage
Lumbar puncture to exclude the elevation in protein in the cerebrospinal fluid that
is seen with neurodegenerative disorders
Serum uric acid and blood and urine assays for amino and organic acids to exclude
congenital metabolic disorders
Viral and parasitic titers (TORCH) to exclude the possibility of intrauterine-
acquired infections
Chromosomal studies to exclude such abnormalities
Answers| Latest Update
What is a Developmental Disability?
Infancy or childhood onset disability,
A variety of conditions that interfere with a person's ability to function in everyday
activities.
Not all the causes are not known. most present at birth.
(Most are present at birth, but others may not be recognized and identified until
later in life.
"Disabilities challenge the people who have them because they can change the
way people grow, learn and function.")
lean the toe painter had one goal and on her bucket list is what did she do? and
how old did she turn?
skydiving. jumped out of airplane on her 30th birthday
we dont know what causes autism what is it not
vaccines
,CEREBRAL PALSY (CP):
"Cerebral" means the brain. "Palsy" means moving of the muscles in a way that
the person can't control.
Injury to the developing brain before or during birth or during the first year of life.
Does not get worse over time.
Cerebral palsy keeps the brain from telling the rest of the body some of the things
it is supposed to do.
It might be hard for a person with cerebral palsy to talk, walk, see, hear, sit, or
swallow.
Many people with CP have normal intelligence.
Cerebral Palsy
Abnormalities of muscle tone, movement, and posture
Spasticity is the most common
Secondary dysfunction and deformities may occur
Other symptoms of cerebral dysfunction, such as learning disabilities, mental
retardation, and seizures, may be seen, but it is the motoric dysfunction that is
essential to its recognition
The incidence of CP over the past 20 years has remained at 2 cases per 1,000
births in the US
Prenatal Causes of CP
,Hereditary
Infections
Prenatal Anoxia
Rh Incompatibility
Prematurity
Metabolic Disorders
Unknown Origin
Perinatal Causes of CP
Trauma (birth injury)
Lack of Oxygen (fetal asphyxia, anoxia, or hypoxia)
Postnatal Causes of CP
Traumatic Head Injuries
Infections or Toxic Conditions
Brain Hemorrhages or Clots
Cerebral Anoxia
Brain Tumors
Functional Presentation of CP
CP is classified on the basis of etiology, tone, and anatomical distribution of
neurological abnormalities
, Pyramidal or spastic CP is the most common, occurring in 65-75% of all cases
Extrapyramidal or nonspastic types of CP are responsible for about 20% of cases
Differential Diagnosis CP
Up to 40% of people with an initial diagnosis of CP have been incorrectly
diagnosed
Other disorders that present with gross motor delays, aberrant tone, and
abnormal movement patterns include intellectual disability, neurodegenerative
disorders, hydrocephalus, subdural effusion, slowly growing brain tumors, spinal
cord lesions, MD, spinal muscular atrophy, and congenital cerebellar ataxia
Differential Diagnosis CP cont
Investigations that may be helpful in substantiating or excluding the diagnosis of
CP include the following:
CT or MRI scans to assess for structural lesions
Ultrasound of the head to exclude the possibility of intraventricular hemorrhage
Lumbar puncture to exclude the elevation in protein in the cerebrospinal fluid that
is seen with neurodegenerative disorders
Serum uric acid and blood and urine assays for amino and organic acids to exclude
congenital metabolic disorders
Viral and parasitic titers (TORCH) to exclude the possibility of intrauterine-
acquired infections
Chromosomal studies to exclude such abnormalities
