EMS1055_Final Exam
Latest Already Graded A+
2026_2027 UPDATES
Questions And Answers
Solved 100% Correct
_Certified Study Resources
,Systolic pressure: high reading during Know how to read a blood pressure.
contraction (systole)
Diastolic pressure: low reading during
relaxation (diastole)
Normal is patient dependent (not
necessarily 120/80)
Pump cuff to 150mmHg initially
Width: 40% of upper arm
circumference
Length: 80% of upper arm
circumference
Palpate the brachial artery then
center the inflatable cuff over the
brachial artery with the lower border
2.5 cm above the antecubital crease.
Secure the cuff -snug, not tight.
Inflate the cuff at the level of the heart
with the fingers of your opposite
hand, palpate the radial pulse and
inflate the cuff until it disappears.
Wait 15-30 seconds
Then place the bell of your
stethoscope lightly over the brachial
artery repeat inflation of cuff to 20 -30
mmHg above the level that the pulse
went away to avoid an error due to an
auscultatory gap.
Deflate the cuff at a rate of 2-3
mmHg/secondØFirst sound = systolic
blood pressureØDisappearance
A silent interval that may be present auscalatory gap
between the systolic and diastolic
blood pressures, i.e. the sound
disappears for a while, then
reappears
carotid Know the pulse points and what they mean in
femoral regards to SBP
radial
pedal
the pulse felt along the large carotid carotid pulse
artery on either side of the neck
60 mmHg
,pulse of the femoral artery felt in the femoral pulse
groin
70mm Hg
the pulse felt at the wrist radial pulse
80 mmHg
The pulse rate obtained on the top of pedal pulse
the foot
90-100 mmHg
Cardiogenic Know the types of shock.
hypovolemic
distributive (septic,anaphylactic,
neurogenic)
obstructive (mechanical)
insulin
A state in which not enough oxygen is cardiogenic shock
delivered to the tissues of the body,
caused by low output of blood from
the heart. It can be a severe
complication of a large acute
myocardial infarction, as well as other
conditions. Most commonly caused
by AMIOther causes: myocarditis,
myocardial contusion"Pump Problem"
Decreased CO leads to
hypoperfusionHeart begins to fail
standard shock treatment applies.
The patient may not tolerate supine or
Trendelenburg position. Treatment is
advanced and complicated. Transport
to a cardiac facility critical. Time is
tissue!
Volume issue due to blood loss in hypovolemic shock
traumaBlood loss covered in previous
lecture be due to dehydration in
medical very young and very old
more susceptible
, A severe reaction that occurs when anaphylactic shock
an allergen is introduced to the
bloodstream of an allergic individual.
Characterized by bronchoconstriction,
labored breathing, widespread
vasodilation, circulatory shock, and
sometimes sudden death.
BIG 3 wheezes, urticaria, pruritus
Tension PneumothoraxAir trapped in obstructive (mechanical) shock
the thoracic cavity with the shifting of
mediastinal structuresLife
threateningSigns of shockCan be
spontaneous (Male, tall, thin)Absent
lung sounds on affected
sidePericardial tamponadeFluid
buildup in the pericardial causes
compression of the heartLife
threateningBeck's Triad Narrowing
pulse pressure Muffled heart sounds
JVD
clinical signs: Distended neck veins
Cyanosis
Catecholamine effects
Pallor, tachycardia, diaphoresis
Not a true shockAlso called insulin shock
hypoglycemiaIssue due to low blood
glucose levels, not
hypoperfusionCommon cause is
when a patient injects insulin, but
does not eat in timeCan affect non-
diabeticsPatients have their own
glucometersnormal BGL 70-110
mg/dLBGL below 40 mg/dL will show
LOW on glucometerBGL above 500
mg/dL will show HIGH on
glucometerCan look similar to
shockSkin pale, cool,
diaphoreticAltered mentation
(confused, unconscious)Seizures can
occurIf the patient is able to
swallow:Oral glucose¡Juice with
added sugarPatient MUST eat
afterwardsIf the patient cannot
swallow:Immediate transportNeeds IV
glucose
Latest Already Graded A+
2026_2027 UPDATES
Questions And Answers
Solved 100% Correct
_Certified Study Resources
,Systolic pressure: high reading during Know how to read a blood pressure.
contraction (systole)
Diastolic pressure: low reading during
relaxation (diastole)
Normal is patient dependent (not
necessarily 120/80)
Pump cuff to 150mmHg initially
Width: 40% of upper arm
circumference
Length: 80% of upper arm
circumference
Palpate the brachial artery then
center the inflatable cuff over the
brachial artery with the lower border
2.5 cm above the antecubital crease.
Secure the cuff -snug, not tight.
Inflate the cuff at the level of the heart
with the fingers of your opposite
hand, palpate the radial pulse and
inflate the cuff until it disappears.
Wait 15-30 seconds
Then place the bell of your
stethoscope lightly over the brachial
artery repeat inflation of cuff to 20 -30
mmHg above the level that the pulse
went away to avoid an error due to an
auscultatory gap.
Deflate the cuff at a rate of 2-3
mmHg/secondØFirst sound = systolic
blood pressureØDisappearance
A silent interval that may be present auscalatory gap
between the systolic and diastolic
blood pressures, i.e. the sound
disappears for a while, then
reappears
carotid Know the pulse points and what they mean in
femoral regards to SBP
radial
pedal
the pulse felt along the large carotid carotid pulse
artery on either side of the neck
60 mmHg
,pulse of the femoral artery felt in the femoral pulse
groin
70mm Hg
the pulse felt at the wrist radial pulse
80 mmHg
The pulse rate obtained on the top of pedal pulse
the foot
90-100 mmHg
Cardiogenic Know the types of shock.
hypovolemic
distributive (septic,anaphylactic,
neurogenic)
obstructive (mechanical)
insulin
A state in which not enough oxygen is cardiogenic shock
delivered to the tissues of the body,
caused by low output of blood from
the heart. It can be a severe
complication of a large acute
myocardial infarction, as well as other
conditions. Most commonly caused
by AMIOther causes: myocarditis,
myocardial contusion"Pump Problem"
Decreased CO leads to
hypoperfusionHeart begins to fail
standard shock treatment applies.
The patient may not tolerate supine or
Trendelenburg position. Treatment is
advanced and complicated. Transport
to a cardiac facility critical. Time is
tissue!
Volume issue due to blood loss in hypovolemic shock
traumaBlood loss covered in previous
lecture be due to dehydration in
medical very young and very old
more susceptible
, A severe reaction that occurs when anaphylactic shock
an allergen is introduced to the
bloodstream of an allergic individual.
Characterized by bronchoconstriction,
labored breathing, widespread
vasodilation, circulatory shock, and
sometimes sudden death.
BIG 3 wheezes, urticaria, pruritus
Tension PneumothoraxAir trapped in obstructive (mechanical) shock
the thoracic cavity with the shifting of
mediastinal structuresLife
threateningSigns of shockCan be
spontaneous (Male, tall, thin)Absent
lung sounds on affected
sidePericardial tamponadeFluid
buildup in the pericardial causes
compression of the heartLife
threateningBeck's Triad Narrowing
pulse pressure Muffled heart sounds
JVD
clinical signs: Distended neck veins
Cyanosis
Catecholamine effects
Pallor, tachycardia, diaphoresis
Not a true shockAlso called insulin shock
hypoglycemiaIssue due to low blood
glucose levels, not
hypoperfusionCommon cause is
when a patient injects insulin, but
does not eat in timeCan affect non-
diabeticsPatients have their own
glucometersnormal BGL 70-110
mg/dLBGL below 40 mg/dL will show
LOW on glucometerBGL above 500
mg/dL will show HIGH on
glucometerCan look similar to
shockSkin pale, cool,
diaphoreticAltered mentation
(confused, unconscious)Seizures can
occurIf the patient is able to
swallow:Oral glucose¡Juice with
added sugarPatient MUST eat
afterwardsIf the patient cannot
swallow:Immediate transportNeeds IV
glucose
