WGU D444 OA Adult Health I Complete Study Guide
2026 | Exam Q&A | Latest Update | Graded A+
Ocular
• Injuries
o Chemical Burns
▪ Acid
▪ Alkaline
o Trauma
▪ Blunt
▪ Penetrating
o Foreign Body
▪ Ceramics
▪ Metal
▪ Wood
▪ Glass
▪ Plastic
o Thermal Burns
▪ Hot Surfaces
▪ Indirect from UV light
• Assessment Findings
o Abnormal or Decreased Vision
o Abnormal IOP
o Absent Eye Movements
o Blood in anterior chamber
o Fluid drainage
o Pain
o Photophobia
o Prolapsed Globe
o Diffused or Localized Redness
o Swelling
o Tearing
o Visible Field Defect
• Interventions
o Initial
▪ Determine Mechanism of Injury
▪ Ensure ABCs
▪ Assess for other injury
▪ Assess for chemical exposure
, •
Begin irrigation immediately with sterile saline or
water.
• Do not stop until emergency personnel arrive
▪ Assess visual acuity
▪ Do not put pressure on eye
▪ Tell patient to not blow nose
▪ Cover with dry, sterile patches and protective sheild
▪ Do not give food or fluids
▪ Elevate HOB 45°
▪ Give Proper analgesia
o Ongoing Monitoring
▪ Reassure patient
▪ Monitor Pain
▪ Anticipate surgical repair
• DO NOT ENCOURAGE COUGHING
• OFFER STOOL SOFTENERS TO REDUCE STRAIN
Glaucoma
• Pathology
o Group of disorders characterized by increased IOP and its
consequences
▪ Optic nerve atrophy and peripheral visual field loss
• Primary Open – Angle Glaucoma
o POAG is the most common type of glaucoma
o Caused by aqueous humor over production or decrease in
outflow which leads increased IOP
▪ Signs and Symptoms
• Gradual and not notice loss of peripheral vision
• Mild aching in eyes
• Headaches
• Closed – Angle Glaucoma
o AKA Angle – Closure Glaucoma “ACG
o Less common and can be caused by forward displacement of the
iris
o Aqueous humor outflow is blocked completely and leads to rapid
increase of IOP
▪ Signs and Symptoms
• Severe Eye Pain
• Nausea
, • Vomiting
• Blurred Vision
• Halos around lights
• Reddened Sclera
• Dx
o Tonometry to measure IOP
▪ Normal range is 10 – 20 mmHg
▪ >21 indicative of glaucoma
• Treatment
o ACG
▪ Mannitol
• Osmotic diuretic
• Rapidly decreases IOP
o POAG
▪ Eye drops
▪ Timolol
▪ Acetazolamide
▪ Brimonidine
▪ Travopost
o Risk Factor
▪ Aging
▪ Genetics
▪ Diabetes
▪ Hypertension
Cataracts
• Pathology
o Lens opacity that impairs vision
o Proteins in lens deteriorate, they clump which causes lens to
thicken and harden creating an opacity
• Risk Factors
o Aging
o Trauma
o Family History
o Systemic disease
▪ Diabetes
• Signs and Symptoms
o Gradual, painless of vision
o Complaints of blurry vision or double vision
, o Pupil will become while or gray in color as cataracts advances
o Absent red reflex upon examination
• Dx
o Physical Examination
o Visual Acuity Test
• Treatment
o Surgical Removal
▪ DO NOT ENCOURAGE COUGHING
▪ OFFER STOOL SOFTENERS TO REDUCE STRAIN
• Post-Op Care
o Patient will need to use eyedrops multiple times a day
▪ Antibiotic
▪ Steroid
▪ NSAIDs
▪ Reinforce importance of eyedrops and timing
o WEAR DARK SUNGLASSES OUTSIDE
o AVOID ACTIVITIES THAT INCREASE IOP
▪ Bending at waist
▪ Sneezing
▪ Coughing
▪ Blowing of nose
▪ Do not lift 10 lbs
▪ Avoid straining with bowel movements
o 4 – 6 weeks for improved vision
Tinea Pedis
• Pathology
o Athlete's foot
o Common fungal infection from dermatophyte that grows best in
warm and moist environments
o Spreads through contact with floors, clothes, towels
• Risk Factors
o Living in hot and humid environment
o Wearing closed shoes with socks
o Excessive sweating
o Community pools, baths, showers
• Signs and symptoms
o Scaley, peeling, cracked skin especially between toes
o Itchiness especially after taking off shoes
2026 | Exam Q&A | Latest Update | Graded A+
Ocular
• Injuries
o Chemical Burns
▪ Acid
▪ Alkaline
o Trauma
▪ Blunt
▪ Penetrating
o Foreign Body
▪ Ceramics
▪ Metal
▪ Wood
▪ Glass
▪ Plastic
o Thermal Burns
▪ Hot Surfaces
▪ Indirect from UV light
• Assessment Findings
o Abnormal or Decreased Vision
o Abnormal IOP
o Absent Eye Movements
o Blood in anterior chamber
o Fluid drainage
o Pain
o Photophobia
o Prolapsed Globe
o Diffused or Localized Redness
o Swelling
o Tearing
o Visible Field Defect
• Interventions
o Initial
▪ Determine Mechanism of Injury
▪ Ensure ABCs
▪ Assess for other injury
▪ Assess for chemical exposure
, •
Begin irrigation immediately with sterile saline or
water.
• Do not stop until emergency personnel arrive
▪ Assess visual acuity
▪ Do not put pressure on eye
▪ Tell patient to not blow nose
▪ Cover with dry, sterile patches and protective sheild
▪ Do not give food or fluids
▪ Elevate HOB 45°
▪ Give Proper analgesia
o Ongoing Monitoring
▪ Reassure patient
▪ Monitor Pain
▪ Anticipate surgical repair
• DO NOT ENCOURAGE COUGHING
• OFFER STOOL SOFTENERS TO REDUCE STRAIN
Glaucoma
• Pathology
o Group of disorders characterized by increased IOP and its
consequences
▪ Optic nerve atrophy and peripheral visual field loss
• Primary Open – Angle Glaucoma
o POAG is the most common type of glaucoma
o Caused by aqueous humor over production or decrease in
outflow which leads increased IOP
▪ Signs and Symptoms
• Gradual and not notice loss of peripheral vision
• Mild aching in eyes
• Headaches
• Closed – Angle Glaucoma
o AKA Angle – Closure Glaucoma “ACG
o Less common and can be caused by forward displacement of the
iris
o Aqueous humor outflow is blocked completely and leads to rapid
increase of IOP
▪ Signs and Symptoms
• Severe Eye Pain
• Nausea
, • Vomiting
• Blurred Vision
• Halos around lights
• Reddened Sclera
• Dx
o Tonometry to measure IOP
▪ Normal range is 10 – 20 mmHg
▪ >21 indicative of glaucoma
• Treatment
o ACG
▪ Mannitol
• Osmotic diuretic
• Rapidly decreases IOP
o POAG
▪ Eye drops
▪ Timolol
▪ Acetazolamide
▪ Brimonidine
▪ Travopost
o Risk Factor
▪ Aging
▪ Genetics
▪ Diabetes
▪ Hypertension
Cataracts
• Pathology
o Lens opacity that impairs vision
o Proteins in lens deteriorate, they clump which causes lens to
thicken and harden creating an opacity
• Risk Factors
o Aging
o Trauma
o Family History
o Systemic disease
▪ Diabetes
• Signs and Symptoms
o Gradual, painless of vision
o Complaints of blurry vision or double vision
, o Pupil will become while or gray in color as cataracts advances
o Absent red reflex upon examination
• Dx
o Physical Examination
o Visual Acuity Test
• Treatment
o Surgical Removal
▪ DO NOT ENCOURAGE COUGHING
▪ OFFER STOOL SOFTENERS TO REDUCE STRAIN
• Post-Op Care
o Patient will need to use eyedrops multiple times a day
▪ Antibiotic
▪ Steroid
▪ NSAIDs
▪ Reinforce importance of eyedrops and timing
o WEAR DARK SUNGLASSES OUTSIDE
o AVOID ACTIVITIES THAT INCREASE IOP
▪ Bending at waist
▪ Sneezing
▪ Coughing
▪ Blowing of nose
▪ Do not lift 10 lbs
▪ Avoid straining with bowel movements
o 4 – 6 weeks for improved vision
Tinea Pedis
• Pathology
o Athlete's foot
o Common fungal infection from dermatophyte that grows best in
warm and moist environments
o Spreads through contact with floors, clothes, towels
• Risk Factors
o Living in hot and humid environment
o Wearing closed shoes with socks
o Excessive sweating
o Community pools, baths, showers
• Signs and symptoms
o Scaley, peeling, cracked skin especially between toes
o Itchiness especially after taking off shoes
