TEST BANK FOR Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 7th edition by Joyce E Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann, Pamela Scheibel ISBN:978-0323832069 COMPLETE GUIDE 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!!NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!!

, m
lOMoARcPSD|126


a ma567 13




Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma




7th Edition Dains ma ma




Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma




Multiple Choicema



Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma




1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


A. Methodical and systematic ma ma


B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal languag
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


e
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
ma ma ma ma ma ma


D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
ma ma ma ma ma ma




3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


A. Chief complaint
ma


B. History of the present illness
ma ma ma ma


C. Current vital signs ma ma


D. All of the above are essential history component
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


s
4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to:
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings ma ma ma ma ma


B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptom
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


s
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


D. Foresee unpredictable findings ma ma




5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


A. Evidence-based investigations ma


B. Primary reports of research
ma ma ma


C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience
ma ma ma ma ma


D. Published meta-analyses ma




6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
ma ma ma ma ma ma


B. Clinical practice guidelines
ma ma


C. Evidence-based research ma


D. All of the above
ma ma ma




7. If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal res
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


ult
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal resu
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


lt
C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


D. None of the above ma ma ma




8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal res
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


ult
9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the diseas
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma

e
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma




10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


or patients?
ma

, m
lOMoARcPSD|126


a ma567 13




A. Clinical practice guideline ma ma


B. Clinical decision rule ma ma


C. Clinical algorithm ma




Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma



Answer Section
ma




MULTIPLE CHOICE ma




1. ANS: B
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision- making (similar to Augenblink decision-
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common errors
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


. In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliability with rare errors.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma




PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language, and
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rather than reading into the patient’s statements, they cl
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


arify any areas of uncertainty.
ma ma ma ma




PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the health history.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma




PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal and abnormal findi
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


ngs, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain condit
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


ions affect the response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma




PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available for application to the reasoning
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


availability of evidence on which to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation that cli
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


nical reasoning be based on scientific evidence.
ma ma ma ma ma ma


Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma




PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


based resources have been developed to assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelines,
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma




PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition who show an abnormal, or po
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


sitive, result. A high sensitivity indicates that a greater percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnor
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


mal result. ma




PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a normal result. The great
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


er the specificity, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have negative, or normal, results if they do not hav
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


e the target condition.
ma ma ma




PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The likelihood ratio is the probability that a positive test result will be associated with a person who has the target conditio
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


n and a negative result will be associated with a healthy person. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a positive result
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


is associated with the disease; a likelihood ratio less than 1 indicates that a negative result is associated with an absence
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


of the disease.
ma ma

, m
lOMoARcPSD|126


a ma567 13




PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinical decision (or prediction) rules provide another support for clinical reasoning. Clinical decision rules are evidence-
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


based resources that provide probabilistic statements regarding the likelihood that a condition exists if certain variables a
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


re met with regard to the prognosis of patients with specific findings. Decision rules use mathematical models and are s
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma


pecific to certain situations, settings, and/or patient characteristics.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma




PTS: 1