,Chapter 01: Radiation History
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Iannucci: Dental Radiography, 6th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE m a
1. Radiation is defined as ma ma ma
a. A form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
ma ma ma ma m a ma m a ma ma ma
b. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and recor
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d image shadows on a receptor.
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c. A high- ma
energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an
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x-ray tube. ma
d. A branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ANSWER: A ma
Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles. An x-
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a ma ma ma ma ma
ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shad ow
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a ma ma m a m a ma ma m a
s on a receptor.
ma ma ma
X-radiation is a high- ma ma ma
Energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with ametal target in an
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
x-ray tube. Radiology is a branch of medicine that deals with the use of X-rays.
ma m a ma m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a ma
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1 ma m a
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
sand radiobiology
ma ma
2. A radiograph is defined as
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a. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and recor
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d image shadows on a receptor.
ma ma ma ma ma
b. A picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
c. The art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of an image
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ma recepto r tox-rays. ma ma
d. A form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles.
ma ma ma ma m a ma ma ma ma ma ma
ANSWER: B ma
An x- ma
ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image sha
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a ma ma ma
dows on a receptor. A radiograph is a picture on film produced by the passage of
m a m a ma m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a ma m a m a m
ax-
rays through an object or body. Radiography is the art and science of making dental im
ma ma m a ma ma ma m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ages by the exposure of a receptor to x-
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
rays. Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 2 ma
OBJ: 1 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics
ma m
a m a ma ma ma ma ma ma
of x-radiation ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
sand radiobiology
ma ma
3. Your patient asked you why dental images are important. Which of the following i
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
s thecorrect response?
ma ma
a. An oral examination with dental images limits the practitioner to what is s
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
e en clinically. ma m
a
b. All dental diseases and conditions produce clinical signs and symptoms.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
, c. Dental images are not a necessary component of comprehensive patient care.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a
d. Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through the use of de
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
n talimages.
ma
ANSWER: D m a
An oral examination without dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen clinically.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
Many dental diseases and conditions produce no clinical signs and symptoms. Dental images
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
are a necessary component of comprehensive patient care. Many dental diseases are typi
ma ma ma m a ma ma m a ma ma m a ma ma
call y discovered only through the use of dental images.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
DIF: Application REF: Page 2 OBJ: 2 ma m a
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
4. The x-ray was discovered by
ma ma ma m a
a. Heinrich Geissler ma
b. Wilhelm Roentgen ma
c. Johann Hittorf ma
d. William Crookes ma
ANSWER: B m a
Heinrich Geissler built the first vacuum tube in 1838. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the x
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a ma ma ma m a
-
ray on November 8, 1895. Johann Hittorf observed in 1870 that discharges emitted fro
ma ma m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a ma ma
m the negative electrode of a vacuum tube traveled in straight lines, produced heat, and result
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ed in a greenish fluorescence. William Crookes discovered in the late 1870s that cathode
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
rays were streams of charged particles.
ma ma ma ma ma
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 4 ma m a
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
5. Who exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person?
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
a. Otto Walkoff ma
b. Wilhelm Roentgen ma
c. Edmund Kells ma
d. Weston Price ma
ANSWER:C C m a
Otto Walkoff was a German dentist who made the first dental radiograph. Wilhelm Roentg en
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a
was a Bavarian physicist who discovered the x-
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ray. Edmund Kells exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live pe
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
rs on.Price introduced the bisecting technique in 1904.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 5 ma m a
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
6. Current fast radiographic film requires
ma ma ma ma
% less exposure time than the initial exposuretimes used in 1920.
ma ma ma ma ma ma m a ma ma ma
a. 33
b. 98
c. 73
, d. 2
ANSWER: D m a
Current fast radiographic film requires 98% less exposure time than the initial exposure ti me
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
sused in 1920. ma ma
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 5 ma
OBJ: 6 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics
ma m
a m a ma ma ma ma ma ma
of x-radiation
ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
7. Who modified the paralleling technique with the introduction of the long-cone technique?
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
a. C. Edmund Kells ma ma
b. Franklin W. McCormack ma ma
c. F. Gordon Fitzgerald ma ma
d. Howard Riley Raper ma ma
ANSWER: C m a
C. Edmund Kells introduced the paralleling technique in 1896. Franklin W. McCormack r
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
eintroduced the paralleling technique in 1920. F. Gordon Fitzgerald modified the parallelin
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m
gtechnique with the introduction of the long-
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cone technique. This is the technique currently used. Howard Riley Raper modified the bi
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
secting technique and introduced the bite-wing technique in 1925.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 7 ma m a
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
m a ma ma ma ma ma m a ma ma ma
8. Which of the following is an advantage of digital imaging?
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a. Increased patient radiation exposure ma ma ma
b. Increased patient comfort ma ma
c. Increased speed for viewing images ma ma ma ma
d. Increased chemical usage ma ma
ANSWER: C m a
Patient exposure is reduced with digital imaging. Digital sensors are more sensitive
m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a
to x-
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rays than film. Digital sensors are rigid and bulky, causing decreased patient comfort. The i
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
mage from digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
nee d for chemical processing. This allows for immediate interpretation and evaluation. Th
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
e ima ge fromdigital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without
ma ma m a m a m a ma ma ma ma m a m a m a m a m a
the need f or chemicalprocessing.
ma m a ma ma
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 6 ma
OBJ: 7 TOP: CDA, RHS, I.B.2. Demonstrate basic knowledge of
ma ma m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
di gital radiography
ma ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
9. Which discovery was the precursor to the discovery of x-rays?
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a. Beta particles ma
b. Alpha particles ma
c. Cathode rays ma
d. Radioactive materials ma
ANSWER: C m a
ma ma ma
Iannucci: Dental Radiography, 6th Edition
ma ma ma ma
MULTIPLE CHOICE m a
1. Radiation is defined as ma ma ma
a. A form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
ma ma ma ma m a ma m a ma ma ma
b. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and recor
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
d image shadows on a receptor.
ma ma ma ma ma
c. A high- ma
energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
x-ray tube. ma
d. A branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ANSWER: A ma
Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles. An x-
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a ma ma ma ma ma
ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shad ow
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a ma ma m a m a ma ma m a
s on a receptor.
ma ma ma
X-radiation is a high- ma ma ma
Energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with ametal target in an
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
x-ray tube. Radiology is a branch of medicine that deals with the use of X-rays.
ma m a ma m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a ma
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1 ma m a
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
sand radiobiology
ma ma
2. A radiograph is defined as
ma ma ma ma
a. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and recor
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
d image shadows on a receptor.
ma ma ma ma ma
b. A picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
c. The art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of an image
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ma recepto r tox-rays. ma ma
d. A form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles.
ma ma ma ma m a ma ma ma ma ma ma
ANSWER: B ma
An x- ma
ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image sha
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a ma ma ma
dows on a receptor. A radiograph is a picture on film produced by the passage of
m a m a ma m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a ma m a m a m
ax-
rays through an object or body. Radiography is the art and science of making dental im
ma ma m a ma ma ma m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ages by the exposure of a receptor to x-
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
rays. Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 2 ma
OBJ: 1 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics
ma m
a m a ma ma ma ma ma ma
of x-radiation ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
sand radiobiology
ma ma
3. Your patient asked you why dental images are important. Which of the following i
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
s thecorrect response?
ma ma
a. An oral examination with dental images limits the practitioner to what is s
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
e en clinically. ma m
a
b. All dental diseases and conditions produce clinical signs and symptoms.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
, c. Dental images are not a necessary component of comprehensive patient care.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a
d. Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through the use of de
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
n talimages.
ma
ANSWER: D m a
An oral examination without dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen clinically.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
Many dental diseases and conditions produce no clinical signs and symptoms. Dental images
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
are a necessary component of comprehensive patient care. Many dental diseases are typi
ma ma ma m a ma ma m a ma ma m a ma ma
call y discovered only through the use of dental images.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
DIF: Application REF: Page 2 OBJ: 2 ma m a
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
4. The x-ray was discovered by
ma ma ma m a
a. Heinrich Geissler ma
b. Wilhelm Roentgen ma
c. Johann Hittorf ma
d. William Crookes ma
ANSWER: B m a
Heinrich Geissler built the first vacuum tube in 1838. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the x
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a ma ma ma m a
-
ray on November 8, 1895. Johann Hittorf observed in 1870 that discharges emitted fro
ma ma m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a ma ma
m the negative electrode of a vacuum tube traveled in straight lines, produced heat, and result
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ed in a greenish fluorescence. William Crookes discovered in the late 1870s that cathode
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
rays were streams of charged particles.
ma ma ma ma ma
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 4 ma m a
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
5. Who exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person?
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
a. Otto Walkoff ma
b. Wilhelm Roentgen ma
c. Edmund Kells ma
d. Weston Price ma
ANSWER:C C m a
Otto Walkoff was a German dentist who made the first dental radiograph. Wilhelm Roentg en
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a
was a Bavarian physicist who discovered the x-
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
ray. Edmund Kells exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live pe
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
rs on.Price introduced the bisecting technique in 1904.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 5 ma m a
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
6. Current fast radiographic film requires
ma ma ma ma
% less exposure time than the initial exposuretimes used in 1920.
ma ma ma ma ma ma m a ma ma ma
a. 33
b. 98
c. 73
, d. 2
ANSWER: D m a
Current fast radiographic film requires 98% less exposure time than the initial exposure ti me
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
sused in 1920. ma ma
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 5 ma
OBJ: 6 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics
ma m
a m a ma ma ma ma ma ma
of x-radiation
ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
7. Who modified the paralleling technique with the introduction of the long-cone technique?
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
a. C. Edmund Kells ma ma
b. Franklin W. McCormack ma ma
c. F. Gordon Fitzgerald ma ma
d. Howard Riley Raper ma ma
ANSWER: C m a
C. Edmund Kells introduced the paralleling technique in 1896. Franklin W. McCormack r
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
eintroduced the paralleling technique in 1920. F. Gordon Fitzgerald modified the parallelin
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m
gtechnique with the introduction of the long-
a ma ma ma ma ma ma
cone technique. This is the technique currently used. Howard Riley Raper modified the bi
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
secting technique and introduced the bite-wing technique in 1925.
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 7 ma m a
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
m a ma ma ma ma ma m a ma ma ma
8. Which of the following is an advantage of digital imaging?
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma m a
a. Increased patient radiation exposure ma ma ma
b. Increased patient comfort ma ma
c. Increased speed for viewing images ma ma ma ma
d. Increased chemical usage ma ma
ANSWER: C m a
Patient exposure is reduced with digital imaging. Digital sensors are more sensitive
m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a m a
to x-
m a m a
rays than film. Digital sensors are rigid and bulky, causing decreased patient comfort. The i
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
mage from digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
nee d for chemical processing. This allows for immediate interpretation and evaluation. Th
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
e ima ge fromdigital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without
ma ma m a m a m a ma ma ma ma m a m a m a m a m a
the need f or chemicalprocessing.
ma m a ma ma
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 6 ma
OBJ: 7 TOP: CDA, RHS, I.B.2. Demonstrate basic knowledge of
ma ma m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
di gital radiography
ma ma
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
m a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
9. Which discovery was the precursor to the discovery of x-rays?
ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
a. Beta particles ma
b. Alpha particles ma
c. Cathode rays ma
d. Radioactive materials ma
ANSWER: C m a
