lOMoAR cPSD| 63525276
Week 2 Concepts: Pain
Analgesic Drugs
Prepare: Analgesic Drugs
Analgesic drugs are medications that relieve pain, but do not cause loss of consciousness.
Pain
Match the terms with the appropriate description.
Sudden onset that subsides with treatment. Acute pain
Skeletal muscle, ligament and joint pain. Somatic pain
Level of stimulus needed to produce a sensation of pain. Pain threshold
Opioids can be classified as mild agonists and strong agonists. Mild agonists include codeine and hydrocodone and strong
agonists include fentanyl, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, morphine and oxycodone.
Organ and smooth muscle pain. Visceral pain
Amount of pain a person can endure without impeding on normal daily function. Pain tolerance
Persistent and/or recurring lasting over 3 months. Chronic pain
Self Check: Therapeutic Use and Pharmacologic Action
Treating Pain
Opioid drugs are used to treat moderate to severe pain. Nonopioid drugs are normally prescribed for mild to moderate pain.
Classifications
The three classifications of opioid drugs are agonist, agonist-antagonists and antagonists.
Nonopioid Medications
The most widely used nonopioid medication is acetaminophen. This medication also works as an antipyretic by acting on the
hypothalamus, the section of the brain that regulates temperature.
Self Check: Adverse Effects of Acetaminophen
Which of the following is the most serious adverse effect of acetaminophen? Hepatotoxicity
Nausea
Vomiting
Constipation
Self Check: Nonopioid Analgesics
Do not use nonopioid analgesics with which of the following conditions? Select all that apply. Pregnancy
, lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
Asthma
Allergy to the medication
Severe liver disease
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Reflect: Analgesic Drugs
Pharmacological Action
What is the pharmacological action of opioid antagonists?
Bind to pain receptors and cause a weaker pain response than does a full agonist
Bind to a pain receptor but do not reduce pain signals
Bind to opioid pain receptors in the brain to reduce the sensation of pain
Creates a weak bond to the mu opioid receptors which alters the perception of pain
Adverse Effects
Which of the following are adverse effects of nonopioid analgesic drugs? Select all that apply. Dysphoria
Anemia
Constipation
Hepatotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Respiratory depression
Contraindications of Opioids
Which of the following is a contraindication for opioid analgesic use? Select all that apply. Constipation
Vomiting
Nausea
Allergy to the medication
Severe asthma
Mild Opioid Agonists
Which of the following are considered mild opioid agonists? Select all that apply.
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
Meperidine
Fentanyl
Codeine
Hydromorphone
Strong Opioid Agonists
Which of the following are considered strong opioid agonists? Select all that apply.
Methadone
Meperidine
Morphine
Codeine
Hydromorphone
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
Fentanyl
Pharmacological Action
What is the pharmacological action of opioid agonist-antagonists?
Bind to a pain receptor but do not reduce pain signals
, lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
Creates a weak bond to the mu opioid receptors which alters the perception of pain
Bind to opioid pain receptors in the brain to reduce the sensation of pain
Bind to pain receptors and cause a weaker pain response than does a full agonist
Adverse Effects
Which of the following are adverse effects of opioid analgesic drugs? Select all that apply.
Dysphoria
Urinary retention
Tachypnea
Constipation
Bradycardia
Diarrhea
Respiratory depression
Tachycardia
Pharmacological Action
What is the pharmacological action of opioid agonists? Bind to a
pain receptor but do not reduce pain signals
Creates a weak bond to the mu opioid receptors which alters the perception of pain
Bind to opioid pain receptors in the brain to reduce the sensation of pain
Bind to pain receptors and cause a weaker pain response than does a full agonist
Opioid Analgesics (meperidine, fentanyl, methadone, morphine,
oxycodone)
Prepare: Opioid Analgesics
Classification of Opioids
Opioids are classified under which of the following related to their mechanism of action?
Anti-infectives
Immunosuppressants
Antagonists
Agonists
Therapeutic Effect
The therapeutic effect of opioid analgesics is which of the following?
Antidiarrheal
Anti-inflammatory
Analgesia
Antipyretic
Opioid Overdose
When an opioid overdose occurs, what medication should be administered? Aspirin
Naloxone
Activated charcoal
Atropine
Self Check: Mechanism of Action
Mechanism of Action
Opioid analgesics are further classified by their mechanism of action of agonists, which bind to opioid pain receptors in the CNS to alter
and reduce the sensation of pain.
, lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
Self Check: Naloxone
Naloxone
When patients experience respiratory depression or overdose from opioid agonist, an opioid antagonist needs to be administrated,
which include naloxone and naltrexone.
Self Check: Drug-to-Drug Interaction
Drug-to-Drug Interaction
Please match the correct drug to drug interaction with the resulting possible outcome.
May cause paradoxical reactions, particularly with MAO inhibitors and procarbazine Meperidine.
May cause opioid withdrawal for dependent patients. Partial-antagonist opioid analgesics
May cause an increase in CNS depressant properties. Alcohol, antihistamines, antidepressants,
sedative/hypnotics, phenothiazines and MAO
inhibitors
May decrease the analgesic effects of the opioid analgesic. Nalbuphine
Self Check: Tolerance, Dependence, and Addiction
Physical Dependence, Addiction, and Tolerance
Tolerance of/to opioids occurs when larger doses are required to maintain the same drug effect.
Physical Dependence, Addiction, and Tolerance #2
Physical dependence is when the body adapts to the presence of the opioid.
Reflect: Opioid Analgesics
Main Action
What is the main action of opioids?
Increasing heart rate
Inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
Inhibiting protein synthesis
Bind to opioid pain receptors in the CNS to alter and reduce the sensation of pain
Patient Conditions
Caution should be taken in giving opioids to which of the following patient conditions? (Select all that apply)
Frequent migraines
Elderly
History of opioid addiction
Anxiety
Respiratory insufficiency
Sleep apnea
Chronic back pain
Adverse Effects
Which of the following are adverse effects of opioids? Select all that apply.
CNS depression
Diarrhea
Constipation
Respiratory depression
Week 2 Concepts: Pain
Analgesic Drugs
Prepare: Analgesic Drugs
Analgesic drugs are medications that relieve pain, but do not cause loss of consciousness.
Pain
Match the terms with the appropriate description.
Sudden onset that subsides with treatment. Acute pain
Skeletal muscle, ligament and joint pain. Somatic pain
Level of stimulus needed to produce a sensation of pain. Pain threshold
Opioids can be classified as mild agonists and strong agonists. Mild agonists include codeine and hydrocodone and strong
agonists include fentanyl, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, morphine and oxycodone.
Organ and smooth muscle pain. Visceral pain
Amount of pain a person can endure without impeding on normal daily function. Pain tolerance
Persistent and/or recurring lasting over 3 months. Chronic pain
Self Check: Therapeutic Use and Pharmacologic Action
Treating Pain
Opioid drugs are used to treat moderate to severe pain. Nonopioid drugs are normally prescribed for mild to moderate pain.
Classifications
The three classifications of opioid drugs are agonist, agonist-antagonists and antagonists.
Nonopioid Medications
The most widely used nonopioid medication is acetaminophen. This medication also works as an antipyretic by acting on the
hypothalamus, the section of the brain that regulates temperature.
Self Check: Adverse Effects of Acetaminophen
Which of the following is the most serious adverse effect of acetaminophen? Hepatotoxicity
Nausea
Vomiting
Constipation
Self Check: Nonopioid Analgesics
Do not use nonopioid analgesics with which of the following conditions? Select all that apply. Pregnancy
, lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
Asthma
Allergy to the medication
Severe liver disease
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Reflect: Analgesic Drugs
Pharmacological Action
What is the pharmacological action of opioid antagonists?
Bind to pain receptors and cause a weaker pain response than does a full agonist
Bind to a pain receptor but do not reduce pain signals
Bind to opioid pain receptors in the brain to reduce the sensation of pain
Creates a weak bond to the mu opioid receptors which alters the perception of pain
Adverse Effects
Which of the following are adverse effects of nonopioid analgesic drugs? Select all that apply. Dysphoria
Anemia
Constipation
Hepatotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Respiratory depression
Contraindications of Opioids
Which of the following is a contraindication for opioid analgesic use? Select all that apply. Constipation
Vomiting
Nausea
Allergy to the medication
Severe asthma
Mild Opioid Agonists
Which of the following are considered mild opioid agonists? Select all that apply.
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
Meperidine
Fentanyl
Codeine
Hydromorphone
Strong Opioid Agonists
Which of the following are considered strong opioid agonists? Select all that apply.
Methadone
Meperidine
Morphine
Codeine
Hydromorphone
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
Fentanyl
Pharmacological Action
What is the pharmacological action of opioid agonist-antagonists?
Bind to a pain receptor but do not reduce pain signals
, lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
Creates a weak bond to the mu opioid receptors which alters the perception of pain
Bind to opioid pain receptors in the brain to reduce the sensation of pain
Bind to pain receptors and cause a weaker pain response than does a full agonist
Adverse Effects
Which of the following are adverse effects of opioid analgesic drugs? Select all that apply.
Dysphoria
Urinary retention
Tachypnea
Constipation
Bradycardia
Diarrhea
Respiratory depression
Tachycardia
Pharmacological Action
What is the pharmacological action of opioid agonists? Bind to a
pain receptor but do not reduce pain signals
Creates a weak bond to the mu opioid receptors which alters the perception of pain
Bind to opioid pain receptors in the brain to reduce the sensation of pain
Bind to pain receptors and cause a weaker pain response than does a full agonist
Opioid Analgesics (meperidine, fentanyl, methadone, morphine,
oxycodone)
Prepare: Opioid Analgesics
Classification of Opioids
Opioids are classified under which of the following related to their mechanism of action?
Anti-infectives
Immunosuppressants
Antagonists
Agonists
Therapeutic Effect
The therapeutic effect of opioid analgesics is which of the following?
Antidiarrheal
Anti-inflammatory
Analgesia
Antipyretic
Opioid Overdose
When an opioid overdose occurs, what medication should be administered? Aspirin
Naloxone
Activated charcoal
Atropine
Self Check: Mechanism of Action
Mechanism of Action
Opioid analgesics are further classified by their mechanism of action of agonists, which bind to opioid pain receptors in the CNS to alter
and reduce the sensation of pain.
, lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
Self Check: Naloxone
Naloxone
When patients experience respiratory depression or overdose from opioid agonist, an opioid antagonist needs to be administrated,
which include naloxone and naltrexone.
Self Check: Drug-to-Drug Interaction
Drug-to-Drug Interaction
Please match the correct drug to drug interaction with the resulting possible outcome.
May cause paradoxical reactions, particularly with MAO inhibitors and procarbazine Meperidine.
May cause opioid withdrawal for dependent patients. Partial-antagonist opioid analgesics
May cause an increase in CNS depressant properties. Alcohol, antihistamines, antidepressants,
sedative/hypnotics, phenothiazines and MAO
inhibitors
May decrease the analgesic effects of the opioid analgesic. Nalbuphine
Self Check: Tolerance, Dependence, and Addiction
Physical Dependence, Addiction, and Tolerance
Tolerance of/to opioids occurs when larger doses are required to maintain the same drug effect.
Physical Dependence, Addiction, and Tolerance #2
Physical dependence is when the body adapts to the presence of the opioid.
Reflect: Opioid Analgesics
Main Action
What is the main action of opioids?
Increasing heart rate
Inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
Inhibiting protein synthesis
Bind to opioid pain receptors in the CNS to alter and reduce the sensation of pain
Patient Conditions
Caution should be taken in giving opioids to which of the following patient conditions? (Select all that apply)
Frequent migraines
Elderly
History of opioid addiction
Anxiety
Respiratory insufficiency
Sleep apnea
Chronic back pain
Adverse Effects
Which of the following are adverse effects of opioids? Select all that apply.
CNS depression
Diarrhea
Constipation
Respiratory depression
