HESI Pediatrics Practice Exam (Evolve)
Questions and Answers
1. Which should the nurse assess last when examining a 5-year-old
child?
a. Heart.
b. Lungs.
c. Throat.
d. Abdomen.: c. Throat.
Examination of the mouth, throat, and perineum is considered to be more invasive than other parts of a
physical examination. Invasive procedures should be left for the end of the examination for a preschooler.
2. The community health nurse teaches the parents of school-
age children about the need for fluoride as part of a dental
health program. Which state- ment by the parents indicates
that they understand the teaching?
a. "Excessive amounts of fluoride will make teeth turn brittle and
yellow."
b. "Having our children brush with fluoride toothpaste is not
effective."
,c. "Use of fluoride in water is mostly effective during initial tooth
formation."
d. "Dental caries can be prevented through fluoridation of public
water.": d. "Dental caries can be prevented through fluoridation of public water."
Dental caries can be prevented through fluoridation of public water.
3. The nurse is assessing an infant with diarrhea and lethargy.
Which finding should the nurse identify that is consistent with
early dehydration?
a. Tachycardia.
b. Bradycardia.
c. Dry mucous membranes.
d. Increased skin turgor.: a. Tachycardia.
In early dehydration (during the first 2 days), fluid loss occurs first from the extracellular and intravascular
fluid spaces. Blood pressure falls and heart rate increases in response to a diminished blood volume.
4. When conducting a hygiene class for adolescent girls, it is
important for the nurse to include which instruction about
preventing toxic shock syndrome?
a. Wash your hands before inserting a tampon.
b. Use super absorbent tampons.
,c. Wear cotton underwear.
d. Douche following menstruation.: a. Wash your hands before inserting a tampon.
The single most effective means of preventing infection is handwashing.
5. The nurse is caring for an irritable, lethargic 18-month-old child
who swal- lowed several over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine tablets
an hour ago. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
a. Initiate gastric lavage.
b. Administer naloxone.
c. Give a dose of ipecac syrup.
d. Encourage oral intake of water or milk.: a. Initiate gastric lavage.
Gastric lavage should be implemented within 2 hours of ingestion to ensure gastric removal of a
noncorrosive substance, such as an OTC antihistamine.
6. Which sign of malignant hyperthermia should the nurse assess for
during the perioperative period in a child receiving general
anesthesia?
a. Apnea.
b. Tachypnea.
c. Bradycardia.
d. Decreased blood pressure.: b. Tachypnea.
, Malignant hyperthermia, a potentially fatal autosomal genetic myopathy, can cause a change in vital
signs that demands immediate attention in the perioperative period when these individuals are exposed
to anesthetic agents. Early symptoms of the disorder include tachycardia and tachyarrhythmia, tachypnea,
hypercarbia, and metabolic and respiratory acidosis. An elevated temperature is a late sign of the
disorder.
7. A child with a penetrating eye injury comes to the school clinic.
Which action should the nurse implement?
a. Remove the object impaled in the eye and then apply a regular eye
patch.
b. Place an ice bag over the eye until the healthcare provider is seen
c. .Irrigate the affected eye copiously with a cool sterile saline
solution.
d. Apply a Fox shield to the affected eye and any type of patch to
the other eye.: d. Apply a Fox shield to the attected eye and any type of patch to the other
eye.
The treatment for a penetrating eye injury is not to remove or manipulate the impaled object, but to apply
a Fox shield over the eye, if available (not a regular eye patch). Place an eye patch over the unattected eye to
prevent bilateral eye movement. The child should be transported to the emergency department immediately.
If a Fox shield is not available, tape a paper cup over the eye and object.
8. The nurse is triaging a child with a fever brought to the
Questions and Answers
1. Which should the nurse assess last when examining a 5-year-old
child?
a. Heart.
b. Lungs.
c. Throat.
d. Abdomen.: c. Throat.
Examination of the mouth, throat, and perineum is considered to be more invasive than other parts of a
physical examination. Invasive procedures should be left for the end of the examination for a preschooler.
2. The community health nurse teaches the parents of school-
age children about the need for fluoride as part of a dental
health program. Which state- ment by the parents indicates
that they understand the teaching?
a. "Excessive amounts of fluoride will make teeth turn brittle and
yellow."
b. "Having our children brush with fluoride toothpaste is not
effective."
,c. "Use of fluoride in water is mostly effective during initial tooth
formation."
d. "Dental caries can be prevented through fluoridation of public
water.": d. "Dental caries can be prevented through fluoridation of public water."
Dental caries can be prevented through fluoridation of public water.
3. The nurse is assessing an infant with diarrhea and lethargy.
Which finding should the nurse identify that is consistent with
early dehydration?
a. Tachycardia.
b. Bradycardia.
c. Dry mucous membranes.
d. Increased skin turgor.: a. Tachycardia.
In early dehydration (during the first 2 days), fluid loss occurs first from the extracellular and intravascular
fluid spaces. Blood pressure falls and heart rate increases in response to a diminished blood volume.
4. When conducting a hygiene class for adolescent girls, it is
important for the nurse to include which instruction about
preventing toxic shock syndrome?
a. Wash your hands before inserting a tampon.
b. Use super absorbent tampons.
,c. Wear cotton underwear.
d. Douche following menstruation.: a. Wash your hands before inserting a tampon.
The single most effective means of preventing infection is handwashing.
5. The nurse is caring for an irritable, lethargic 18-month-old child
who swal- lowed several over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine tablets
an hour ago. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
a. Initiate gastric lavage.
b. Administer naloxone.
c. Give a dose of ipecac syrup.
d. Encourage oral intake of water or milk.: a. Initiate gastric lavage.
Gastric lavage should be implemented within 2 hours of ingestion to ensure gastric removal of a
noncorrosive substance, such as an OTC antihistamine.
6. Which sign of malignant hyperthermia should the nurse assess for
during the perioperative period in a child receiving general
anesthesia?
a. Apnea.
b. Tachypnea.
c. Bradycardia.
d. Decreased blood pressure.: b. Tachypnea.
, Malignant hyperthermia, a potentially fatal autosomal genetic myopathy, can cause a change in vital
signs that demands immediate attention in the perioperative period when these individuals are exposed
to anesthetic agents. Early symptoms of the disorder include tachycardia and tachyarrhythmia, tachypnea,
hypercarbia, and metabolic and respiratory acidosis. An elevated temperature is a late sign of the
disorder.
7. A child with a penetrating eye injury comes to the school clinic.
Which action should the nurse implement?
a. Remove the object impaled in the eye and then apply a regular eye
patch.
b. Place an ice bag over the eye until the healthcare provider is seen
c. .Irrigate the affected eye copiously with a cool sterile saline
solution.
d. Apply a Fox shield to the affected eye and any type of patch to
the other eye.: d. Apply a Fox shield to the attected eye and any type of patch to the other
eye.
The treatment for a penetrating eye injury is not to remove or manipulate the impaled object, but to apply
a Fox shield over the eye, if available (not a regular eye patch). Place an eye patch over the unattected eye to
prevent bilateral eye movement. The child should be transported to the emergency department immediately.
If a Fox shield is not available, tape a paper cup over the eye and object.
8. The nurse is triaging a child with a fever brought to the
