AQA GCSE Physics Paper 1 (2026/2027) |
Exam Preparation Pack | 100% Accurate
Answers | A+
• What is the conservation of energy principle? -✓✓Energy can be
transferred usefully, or stored or dissipated (wasted energy), but can
never be created or destroyed
• What is conduction? -✓✓The process where vibrating particles
transfer energy to neighbouring particles
Energy is transferred to thermal stores of the object - this energy is
shared across the kinetic energy stores
• What is thermal conductivity? -✓✓A measure of how quickly energy
is transferred through a material via conduction
• What is convection? -✓✓Where energetic particles move away from
hotter to cooler regions
Energy is transferred to the thermal energy stores of the object and is
shared across the kinetic stores
• What do radiators create? -✓✓Convection currents
• Convection currents - process -✓✓1) Energy is transferred from the
radiator to the nearby air particles by conduction
,2) The air by the radiator becomes warmer and less dense as the
particles move quicker
3) The warm air rises and displaces the cooler air, which is then heated
by the radiator
4) The previously heated air transfers energy to the surroundings - the
air cools, becomes denser and sinks
• What does lubrication do? -✓✓Reduce frictional forces
• What does insulation do? -✓✓Reduce the rate of energy transfer by
heating
• Thermal insulation techniques -✓✓1) Cavity walls - made up of an
inner and outer wall with an air gap in the middle - the air gap reduces
the amount of energy transferred by conduction through the walls
2) Cavity wall insulators - the air gap is filled with foam also reduces
energy transfer by convection in the wall cavity
3) Loft insulation - reduces convection currents being created in lofts
4) Double-glazed windows - air gap between two sheets of glass that
prevent energy transfer by conduction through the windows
5) Draught excluders - reduce energy transfers by convection around
doors and windows
• How do you improve efficiency? -✓✓1) Lubrication
,2) Insulation
3) Making objects more streamlined
• Efficiency - energy transfer equation -✓✓Useful output energy
transfer divided by total input energy transfer
• Is any device 100% efficienct? -✓✓No
• Where is wasted energy usually transferred? -✓✓Thermal energy
stores
• How do thick walls prevent energy losses through heating? -
✓✓They're made from a material with a low thermal conductivity - the
thicker the walls, the lower the thermal conductivity, the slower the
rate of energy transfer
• Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) -✓✓Non-renewable
Cause acid rain
Cause global warming
Reliable currently - they are finite, so they will run out eventually
Coal mining ruins the landscape
Oil spillages cause serious environmental problems
, • Energy resources used for transport -✓✓Petrol and diesel from oil -
non-renewable
Coal (steam trains) - non-renewable
Bio-fuels - renewable
• Energy resources used for heating -✓✓Natural gas - non-renewable
Coal - non-renewable
Electric heaters - non-renewable
Geothermal - renewable
Solar water heaters - renewable
Bio-fuels - renewable
• Wind Power -✓✓Renewable
Doesn't cause global warming
Doesn't cause acid rain
No pollution
No permanent damage to the landscape
Free - initial costs are high
Very noisy
Spoil the view
Not always reliable
Exam Preparation Pack | 100% Accurate
Answers | A+
• What is the conservation of energy principle? -✓✓Energy can be
transferred usefully, or stored or dissipated (wasted energy), but can
never be created or destroyed
• What is conduction? -✓✓The process where vibrating particles
transfer energy to neighbouring particles
Energy is transferred to thermal stores of the object - this energy is
shared across the kinetic energy stores
• What is thermal conductivity? -✓✓A measure of how quickly energy
is transferred through a material via conduction
• What is convection? -✓✓Where energetic particles move away from
hotter to cooler regions
Energy is transferred to the thermal energy stores of the object and is
shared across the kinetic stores
• What do radiators create? -✓✓Convection currents
• Convection currents - process -✓✓1) Energy is transferred from the
radiator to the nearby air particles by conduction
,2) The air by the radiator becomes warmer and less dense as the
particles move quicker
3) The warm air rises and displaces the cooler air, which is then heated
by the radiator
4) The previously heated air transfers energy to the surroundings - the
air cools, becomes denser and sinks
• What does lubrication do? -✓✓Reduce frictional forces
• What does insulation do? -✓✓Reduce the rate of energy transfer by
heating
• Thermal insulation techniques -✓✓1) Cavity walls - made up of an
inner and outer wall with an air gap in the middle - the air gap reduces
the amount of energy transferred by conduction through the walls
2) Cavity wall insulators - the air gap is filled with foam also reduces
energy transfer by convection in the wall cavity
3) Loft insulation - reduces convection currents being created in lofts
4) Double-glazed windows - air gap between two sheets of glass that
prevent energy transfer by conduction through the windows
5) Draught excluders - reduce energy transfers by convection around
doors and windows
• How do you improve efficiency? -✓✓1) Lubrication
,2) Insulation
3) Making objects more streamlined
• Efficiency - energy transfer equation -✓✓Useful output energy
transfer divided by total input energy transfer
• Is any device 100% efficienct? -✓✓No
• Where is wasted energy usually transferred? -✓✓Thermal energy
stores
• How do thick walls prevent energy losses through heating? -
✓✓They're made from a material with a low thermal conductivity - the
thicker the walls, the lower the thermal conductivity, the slower the
rate of energy transfer
• Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) -✓✓Non-renewable
Cause acid rain
Cause global warming
Reliable currently - they are finite, so they will run out eventually
Coal mining ruins the landscape
Oil spillages cause serious environmental problems
, • Energy resources used for transport -✓✓Petrol and diesel from oil -
non-renewable
Coal (steam trains) - non-renewable
Bio-fuels - renewable
• Energy resources used for heating -✓✓Natural gas - non-renewable
Coal - non-renewable
Electric heaters - non-renewable
Geothermal - renewable
Solar water heaters - renewable
Bio-fuels - renewable
• Wind Power -✓✓Renewable
Doesn't cause global warming
Doesn't cause acid rain
No pollution
No permanent damage to the landscape
Free - initial costs are high
Very noisy
Spoil the view
Not always reliable
