NR 601 Final Exam (2026/2027) | Updated Question Bank | 100% Accurate Answers | Revision Pack | A+ Verified

NR 601 Final Exam (2026/2027) | Updated
Question Bank | 100% Accurate Answers |
Revision Pack | A+ Verified
• type 1 diabetes. CORRECT ANSWER: characterized by severe insulin
deficiency resulting from beta cell destruction producing hyperglycemia
due to altered metabolism of lipids, carbs, and proteins


immune mediated DM (type 1A)- 90% of cases; autoimmune
destruction of insulin producing pancreatic beta islet cells; triggering
factor: infection (rubella, Coxsackie before virus, cytomegalovirus,
adenovirus, mumps virus) or toxic insult with genetic predisposition


idiopathic DM (type 1B)- inherited; more common in people of Asian,
African, or Hispanic origin


• type 1 diabetes - risk factors. CORRECT ANSWER: * 60% of patients
are <18 years old
Caucasian of European descent 1.5-2X more common
*High birth weight 4,000 g; higher than expected weight gain in first
year of life
* protein components of cow's milk
* intro of gluten and rice containing cereals before 3 months or after 7
months

,• type 1 diabetes - presentation. CORRECT ANSWER: polyuria,
polyphagia with paradoxical weight loss, polydipsia, visual changes,
fatigue, weakness


signs of dehydration such as poor skin turger, and dry mucous
membranes
signs of severe ketosis (DKA): extreme fatigue, abnormal cramping,
alterations and breathing pattern, and telltale sign of halitosis


• Hg A1C gives insight into glycemic control over what time period?.
CORRECT ANSWER: 2 to 3 months


• initial goal of treatment for type 1 diabetes. CORRECT ANSWER:
plasma glucose level 80-130 mg/dl before meals,


postprandial (1-2hrs after beginning of a meal) glucose level <180
mg/dl,


and a1c 7% for adults


• lab values for DKA. CORRECT ANSWER: hyperglycemia - BG >359
mg/dl
ketonemia - plasma ketone >5 mmol/L
acidosis - bicarbonate <9 mEq/L

,• goals of glucose management in type 1 diabetes. CORRECT ANSWER:
before meals: 80-120 mg/dL
postprandial: less than 180 mg/dL
bedtime: 100-140 mg/dL


• management of hypoglycemia. CORRECT ANSWER: 1/2 cup of fruit
juice
6 oz of regular soda
when cup milk
glucose tabs


recheck blood sugar after 15 minutes and give additional carbs if BG
less than 70


• number of kilocalories needed to maintain current weight. CORRECT
ANSWER: men col on 66 + 13.7(WT in kg) +5(by in cm) -6.8(age)


women: 65 + 9.6(at in kg) + 1.7(ht in cm) -4.7 (age)


• guidelines regarding exercise to regulate glycemic response. CORRECT
ANSWER: check BG before, q30-60 min, and after exercise

, avoid exercise if fasting BG greater than 250 and ketosis; or if BG
greater than 300


consume additional carbs if BG less than 100 and PRN


• type 2 diabetes. CORRECT ANSWER: characterized by abnormal
secretion of insulin, resistance to action of insulin in target tissues,
and/or inadequate response to level of insulin receptor


• diabetes- risk factors. CORRECT ANSWER: 95% of people diagnose
with DM
stronger genetic predisposition than T1DM
first degree relatives with T2DM have 5-10 fold higher risk
BMI greater than 25
age greater than 45
PCOS
hyperlipidemia
HYN
HX of GDM
AA, Latino, NA, Asian Am, Pacific islander


• type 1 diabetes-diagnostic criteria. CORRECT ANSWER: * glycosylated
hemoglobin A1C of 6.5% or higher