Chapter 01: An Introduction to Health Informatics
Hardy: Hardy: Health Informatics, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Dr. James, in studying patient safety in U.S. hospitals, found that the number of
preventable adverse events leading to serious harm fell in the approximate range of to
cases per year.
a.
4.4 million; 8.8 million
b.
440,000; 880,000
c.
1 million; 5 million
d.
40,000; 100,000
ANS: B
Dr. James found some 440,000 cases of lethal harm each year and estimated that the
incidence of serious (but not lethal) harm was 10 to 20 times that figure.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze
2. Health informatics is both a as well as a(n) .
a.
discipline; field of study
b.
profession; practice
c.
field of study; art
d.
profession; discipline
ANS: D
Health informatics is a discipline, or field of study, in the same sense that “medicine,”
“sociology,” and “pharmacy” are fields of study. It is also a profession, practiced by
thousands of informaticians in a number of varied roles within the healthcare industry.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
3. What is the main idea of the subsection titled “Why Informatics Is Needed in Healthcare: An
Example”?
a.
An interoperable healthcare system that provides clear, concise patient data and
information among institutions is lacking in many facilities, and its presence
would greatly facilitate things such as patient transfers.
b.
The quality of discharge communication during transfers of geriatric patients
from hospital to nursing home is generally high.
c.
Skilled nursing facilities aren’t trained enough to identify the information
they need to facilitate a high-quality transition of a patient into their facility.
d.
Healthcare informaticians alone are responsible for building interoperable
systems that will facilitate communication between and among healthcare
facilities.
ANS: A
This subsection takes the specific case of the transfer of geriatric patients from a hospital
setting to a long-term skilled nursing facility (SNF) and uses it to illustrate the great need for
an interoperable healthcare system that allows patient data to be transferred quickly, clearly,
and concisely among facilities.
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze
4. The is one of the oldest—and still widely used—methods for building
and implementing software applications in IT arena.
a.
TUG
b.
clinical decision support system
c.
HIPAA
d.
SLC
ANS: D
Though it’s been through a number of iterations and adjustments, the software development
life cycle remains the tested and tried-and-true method for studying, building,
implementing, and maintaining a health information system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
5. Informatics allows clinicians to see real time data and allows user to for public
health approaches to care in healthcare.
a.
Meaning
b.
Manage
c.
Materialize
d.
Mapping
ANS: B
With continuing progression in the use of technology and healthcare, clinicians can predict
and improvement healthcare outcomes.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
6. Health informaticians must be able to conceptual organize a variety of to
better understand data analysis.
a.
Components
b.
Concepts
c.
Ideas
d.
Algorithms
ANS: A
Informaticians utilize healthcare knowledge, visualization, and outcome prediction to access
raw information and turn it into meaningful use data.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
7. Achievable competencies developed by the IOM that should be achieved by clinicians
to deliver patient-centered care include:
a.
Collaboration, reduction of errors, patient centered, data collection
b.
Independent, evidence-based practice, reduction of hospital readmissions, use
of informatics
c.
Collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, use of informatics
d.
Collaboration, individual practice, quality improvement, use of Informatics
ANS: C
, In 2003 the IOM identified core measures that healthcare professionals should achieve in
order to deliver patient-centered care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Patient care tools are very popular for patients. Examples of a patient care tool is: (Select
all that apply.)
a.
Fitness app
b.
Smart watch
c.
Continuous glucose monitoring
d.
Wireless monitoring device
e.
Blood pressure cuff
f.
Triage center
ANS: A, B, C, D
Technology now allows patients to take control and monitor their health with the use of smart
phones, smart watches, remote wireless monitoring that provides patient data into a cloud type
device.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply
2. The HITECH Act primary purpose was to encourage healthcare providers to adopt
EHR systems for what reasons: (Select all that apply.)
a.
Financial incentives
b.
Mortality reduction
c.
Data governance
d.
Decrease fraudulent billing
ANS: A, B, C
The HITECH Act that was signed into law in 2009 was enacted to promote meaningful use in
technology to help lower mortality rates, increase quality patient care, reduce errors, and
collection of patient health data analytics for Medicare and Medicaid patients.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
, Chapter 02: Theoretical Frameworks
Hardy: Hardy: Health Informatics, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the primary difference between an open and closed system?
a.
An open system has no boundary, and therefore there are no limits to the
inputs and outputs between an open system and the environment.
b.
An open system has a semipermeable boundary and therefore will filter both
inputs and outputs when interacting with the environment.
c.
A closed system has a semipermeable boundary and therefore will filter
both inputs and outputs when interacting with the environment.
d.
A closed system does not have a boundary and therefore will not interact with
the environment.
ANS: B
With an open system the boundary is semipermeable, thereby controlling what will be
accepted as input and what will be permitted to leave the system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
2. The primary characteristics used to analyze an open system include:
a.
structure, purpose, and functions.
b.
subsystem, target system, and supersystem.
c.
boundary, attributes, and environment.
d.
hierarchical, web, and hybrid.
ANS: A
Using these three characteristics, one can determine why the system exists, what functions it
performs to achieve its purpose, and how it is structured to achieve its purpose.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
3. You have altered the menu of food items served to your patients. However, the change has
greatly expanded the number of refrigerated items needed on hand. You need to buy a new
refrigerator, but the electric circuit in the kitchen cannot handle the extra load and needs to be
upgraded at significant expense. This set of unintended consequences down the line,
produced by an initial change, is called:
a.
dynamic homeostasis.
b.
semi-planned change.
c.
negentropy.
d.
reverberation.
ANS: D
Change within any part of a system will be reflected across the total system through a process
termed reverberation. Reverberation can be intended or unintended consequences of change.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze
Hardy: Hardy: Health Informatics, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Dr. James, in studying patient safety in U.S. hospitals, found that the number of
preventable adverse events leading to serious harm fell in the approximate range of to
cases per year.
a.
4.4 million; 8.8 million
b.
440,000; 880,000
c.
1 million; 5 million
d.
40,000; 100,000
ANS: B
Dr. James found some 440,000 cases of lethal harm each year and estimated that the
incidence of serious (but not lethal) harm was 10 to 20 times that figure.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze
2. Health informatics is both a as well as a(n) .
a.
discipline; field of study
b.
profession; practice
c.
field of study; art
d.
profession; discipline
ANS: D
Health informatics is a discipline, or field of study, in the same sense that “medicine,”
“sociology,” and “pharmacy” are fields of study. It is also a profession, practiced by
thousands of informaticians in a number of varied roles within the healthcare industry.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
3. What is the main idea of the subsection titled “Why Informatics Is Needed in Healthcare: An
Example”?
a.
An interoperable healthcare system that provides clear, concise patient data and
information among institutions is lacking in many facilities, and its presence
would greatly facilitate things such as patient transfers.
b.
The quality of discharge communication during transfers of geriatric patients
from hospital to nursing home is generally high.
c.
Skilled nursing facilities aren’t trained enough to identify the information
they need to facilitate a high-quality transition of a patient into their facility.
d.
Healthcare informaticians alone are responsible for building interoperable
systems that will facilitate communication between and among healthcare
facilities.
ANS: A
This subsection takes the specific case of the transfer of geriatric patients from a hospital
setting to a long-term skilled nursing facility (SNF) and uses it to illustrate the great need for
an interoperable healthcare system that allows patient data to be transferred quickly, clearly,
and concisely among facilities.
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze
4. The is one of the oldest—and still widely used—methods for building
and implementing software applications in IT arena.
a.
TUG
b.
clinical decision support system
c.
HIPAA
d.
SLC
ANS: D
Though it’s been through a number of iterations and adjustments, the software development
life cycle remains the tested and tried-and-true method for studying, building,
implementing, and maintaining a health information system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
5. Informatics allows clinicians to see real time data and allows user to for public
health approaches to care in healthcare.
a.
Meaning
b.
Manage
c.
Materialize
d.
Mapping
ANS: B
With continuing progression in the use of technology and healthcare, clinicians can predict
and improvement healthcare outcomes.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
6. Health informaticians must be able to conceptual organize a variety of to
better understand data analysis.
a.
Components
b.
Concepts
c.
Ideas
d.
Algorithms
ANS: A
Informaticians utilize healthcare knowledge, visualization, and outcome prediction to access
raw information and turn it into meaningful use data.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
7. Achievable competencies developed by the IOM that should be achieved by clinicians
to deliver patient-centered care include:
a.
Collaboration, reduction of errors, patient centered, data collection
b.
Independent, evidence-based practice, reduction of hospital readmissions, use
of informatics
c.
Collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, use of informatics
d.
Collaboration, individual practice, quality improvement, use of Informatics
ANS: C
, In 2003 the IOM identified core measures that healthcare professionals should achieve in
order to deliver patient-centered care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Patient care tools are very popular for patients. Examples of a patient care tool is: (Select
all that apply.)
a.
Fitness app
b.
Smart watch
c.
Continuous glucose monitoring
d.
Wireless monitoring device
e.
Blood pressure cuff
f.
Triage center
ANS: A, B, C, D
Technology now allows patients to take control and monitor their health with the use of smart
phones, smart watches, remote wireless monitoring that provides patient data into a cloud type
device.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply
2. The HITECH Act primary purpose was to encourage healthcare providers to adopt
EHR systems for what reasons: (Select all that apply.)
a.
Financial incentives
b.
Mortality reduction
c.
Data governance
d.
Decrease fraudulent billing
ANS: A, B, C
The HITECH Act that was signed into law in 2009 was enacted to promote meaningful use in
technology to help lower mortality rates, increase quality patient care, reduce errors, and
collection of patient health data analytics for Medicare and Medicaid patients.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
, Chapter 02: Theoretical Frameworks
Hardy: Hardy: Health Informatics, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the primary difference between an open and closed system?
a.
An open system has no boundary, and therefore there are no limits to the
inputs and outputs between an open system and the environment.
b.
An open system has a semipermeable boundary and therefore will filter both
inputs and outputs when interacting with the environment.
c.
A closed system has a semipermeable boundary and therefore will filter
both inputs and outputs when interacting with the environment.
d.
A closed system does not have a boundary and therefore will not interact with
the environment.
ANS: B
With an open system the boundary is semipermeable, thereby controlling what will be
accepted as input and what will be permitted to leave the system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
2. The primary characteristics used to analyze an open system include:
a.
structure, purpose, and functions.
b.
subsystem, target system, and supersystem.
c.
boundary, attributes, and environment.
d.
hierarchical, web, and hybrid.
ANS: A
Using these three characteristics, one can determine why the system exists, what functions it
performs to achieve its purpose, and how it is structured to achieve its purpose.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
3. You have altered the menu of food items served to your patients. However, the change has
greatly expanded the number of refrigerated items needed on hand. You need to buy a new
refrigerator, but the electric circuit in the kitchen cannot handle the extra load and needs to be
upgraded at significant expense. This set of unintended consequences down the line,
produced by an initial change, is called:
a.
dynamic homeostasis.
b.
semi-planned change.
c.
negentropy.
d.
reverberation.
ANS: D
Change within any part of a system will be reflected across the total system through a process
termed reverberation. Reverberation can be intended or unintended consequences of change.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze
