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PASS 2026
A team leader orders 1 mg of epinephrine, and a team member verbally acknowledges when
the medication is administered. What element of effective resuscitation team dynamics does
this represent?
Closed-loop communication
How long should it take to perform a pulse check during the BLS Survey?
5 to 10 seconds
Your rescue team arrives to find a 59-year-old man lying on the kitchen floor. You determine
that he is unresponsive and notice that he is taking agonal breaths. What is the next step in your
assessment and management of this patient?
Check the patient's pulse.
An AED advises a shock for a pulseless patient lying in snow. What is the next action?
Administer the shock immediately and continue as directed by the AED.
Which treatment or medication is appropriate for the treatment of a patient in asystole?
Epinephrine
What is the minimum depth of chest compressions for an adult in cardiac arrest?
2 inches
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,A patient with pulseless ventricular tachycardia is defibrillated. What is the next action?
Start chest compressions at a rate of at least 100/min.
You have completed your first 2-minute period of CPR. You see an organized, nonshockable
rhythm on the ECG monitor. What is the next action?
Have a team member attempt to palpate a carotid pulse.
Emergency medical responders are unable to obtain a peripheral IV for a patient in cardiac
arrest. What is the next most preferred route for drug administration?
Intraosseous (IO)
What is the appropriate rate of chest compressions for an adult in cardiac arrest?
At least 100/min
You are receiving a radio report from an EMS team en route with a patient who may be having
an acute stroke. The hospital CT scanner is not working at this time. What should you do in this
situation?
Divert the patient to a hospital 15 minutes away with CT capabilities.
A 53-year-old man has shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and weakness. The patient's blood
pressure is 102/59 mm Hg, the heart rate is 230/min, the respiratory rate is 16 breaths/min, and
the pulse oximetry reading is 96%. The lead II ECG is displayed below. A patent peripheral IV is in
place. What is the next action?
Vagal maneuvers
A 49-year-old man has retrosternal chest pain radiating into the left arm. The patient is
diaphoretic, with associated shortness of breath. The blood pressure is 130/88 mm Hg, the
heart rate is 110/min, the respiratory rate is 22 breaths/min, and the pulse oximetry value is
95%. The patient's 12-lead ECG shows ST-segment elevation in the anterior leads. First
responders administered 160 mg of aspirin, and there is a patent peripheral IV. The pain is
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, described as an 8 on a scale of 1 to 10 and is unrelieved after 3 doses of nitroglycerin. What is
the next action?
Administer 2 to 4 mg of morphine by slow IV bolus.
A 56-year-old man reports that he has palpitations but not chest pain or difficulty breathing.
The blood pressure is 132/68 mm Hg, the pulse is 130/min and regular, the respiratory rate is 12
breaths/min, and the pulse oximetry reading is 95%. The lead II ECG displays a wide-complex
tachycardia. What is the next action after establishing an IV and obtaining a 12-lead ECG?
Seeking expert consultation
A postoperative patient in the ICU reports new chest pain. What actions have the highest
priority?
Obtain a 12-lead ECG and administer aspirin if not contraindicated.
An 80-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with dizziness. She now states
she is asymptomatic after walking around. Her blood pressure is 102/72 mm Hg. She is alert and
oriented. Her lead II ECG is below. After you start an IV, what is the next action?
Conduct a problem-focused history and physical examination.
What is the recommended oral dose of aspirin for patients suspected of having one of the acute
coronary syndromes?
160 to 325 mg
A responder is caring for a patient with a history of congestive heart failure. The patient is
experiencing shortness of breath, a blood pressure of 68/50 mm Hg, and a heart rate of
190/min. The patient's lead II ECG is displayed below.
stable supraventricular tachycardia
What is the most appropriate intervention for a rapidly deteriorating patient who has this lead II
ECG?
Synchronized cardioversion
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