NSG 3850 Exam 3 Practice Test on
Bladder and Kidney Disorders-
Questions and Correct Answers /
Galen NSG 3850 Exam 3 Practice Test
2026-2027 / Patho II Exam 3
Nsg 3850 Pathophysiology for Nurses II
, Pathophysiology 2 Exam 3
Question: What are some risk factors for urge incontinence?
• Manifests due to a weak detrusor muscle. Risk factors include aging, bladder
infections, bladder outlet obstructions attributable to prostate enlargement, and
drugs that increase urine flow (diuretics and alcohol).
Question: What are some diseases that could cause neurogenic bladder incontinence?
• Multiple sclerosis (demyelination of neurons), Parkinson disease, stroke, disorders
affecting the autonomic innervation of the bladder (spinal cord injury), and
neuropathy of diabetes mellitus.
Question: What muscles are weak in stress incontinence?
• Increased intra-abdominal pressure that can be caused due to weak pelvic floor
muscles. Patient needs to be taught to do Kegel exercises to strengthen these
muscles.
• Stress incontinence can be precipitated by effort/exertion, such as lifting heavy
objects, coughing, sneezing, or bending.
Question: When someone has cystitis (bladder infection), what is the difference in the signs
and symptoms between an elderly person and a younger adult?
• Elderly patients get more confused and can get delirium. Once you cure the cystitis
with antibiotics, they should return to their normal level of functioning.
Question: Tell me about bladder and urethral infections and what causes it?
• The most common cause is E. coli. You can get this by poor hygiene (wrong way
wiper) because women have a shorter urethra. Men can get these infections from a
STD or immunosuppression.
Question: Who is at risk for acute pyelonephritis?
• Risk factors are people with diabetes mellitus, anatomic abnormalities of the
urinary tract (especially vesicoureteral reflux in children), untreated lower urinary
tract infections, enlarged prostate in men, obstructive causes (renal calculi), and
pregnancy because of the physiologic alterations that occur in the urinary tract.
• Anything that causes backward flow of contaminated urine to enter the kidney
could cause acute pyelonephritis. E. coli is the causative organism in a large
majority of acute pyelonephritis cases.
Question: What are the differentiating signs and symptoms between acute pyelonephritis
vs cystitis (bladder infection)?
• Acute pyelonephritis: costovertebral angel tenderness (CVA), chills, nausea,
vomiting, anorexia, sudden onset of fever
• Cystitis: suprapubic pain, frequency, urgency, dysuria, and dyspareunia. Pain is
often relieved by voiding.
Question: Which patient can get septicemia: acute pyelonephritis or chronic
pyelonephritis?
• Acute pyelonephritis. It is not seen in chronic because the body is starting to adapt
and does not have that acute inflammatory response.
• Complications of acute pyelonephritis include abscesses, sepsis, acute respiratory
distress syndrome, recurrent/chronic pyelonephritis, and chronic kidney disease.
Bladder and Kidney Disorders-
Questions and Correct Answers /
Galen NSG 3850 Exam 3 Practice Test
2026-2027 / Patho II Exam 3
Nsg 3850 Pathophysiology for Nurses II
, Pathophysiology 2 Exam 3
Question: What are some risk factors for urge incontinence?
• Manifests due to a weak detrusor muscle. Risk factors include aging, bladder
infections, bladder outlet obstructions attributable to prostate enlargement, and
drugs that increase urine flow (diuretics and alcohol).
Question: What are some diseases that could cause neurogenic bladder incontinence?
• Multiple sclerosis (demyelination of neurons), Parkinson disease, stroke, disorders
affecting the autonomic innervation of the bladder (spinal cord injury), and
neuropathy of diabetes mellitus.
Question: What muscles are weak in stress incontinence?
• Increased intra-abdominal pressure that can be caused due to weak pelvic floor
muscles. Patient needs to be taught to do Kegel exercises to strengthen these
muscles.
• Stress incontinence can be precipitated by effort/exertion, such as lifting heavy
objects, coughing, sneezing, or bending.
Question: When someone has cystitis (bladder infection), what is the difference in the signs
and symptoms between an elderly person and a younger adult?
• Elderly patients get more confused and can get delirium. Once you cure the cystitis
with antibiotics, they should return to their normal level of functioning.
Question: Tell me about bladder and urethral infections and what causes it?
• The most common cause is E. coli. You can get this by poor hygiene (wrong way
wiper) because women have a shorter urethra. Men can get these infections from a
STD or immunosuppression.
Question: Who is at risk for acute pyelonephritis?
• Risk factors are people with diabetes mellitus, anatomic abnormalities of the
urinary tract (especially vesicoureteral reflux in children), untreated lower urinary
tract infections, enlarged prostate in men, obstructive causes (renal calculi), and
pregnancy because of the physiologic alterations that occur in the urinary tract.
• Anything that causes backward flow of contaminated urine to enter the kidney
could cause acute pyelonephritis. E. coli is the causative organism in a large
majority of acute pyelonephritis cases.
Question: What are the differentiating signs and symptoms between acute pyelonephritis
vs cystitis (bladder infection)?
• Acute pyelonephritis: costovertebral angel tenderness (CVA), chills, nausea,
vomiting, anorexia, sudden onset of fever
• Cystitis: suprapubic pain, frequency, urgency, dysuria, and dyspareunia. Pain is
often relieved by voiding.
Question: Which patient can get septicemia: acute pyelonephritis or chronic
pyelonephritis?
• Acute pyelonephritis. It is not seen in chronic because the body is starting to adapt
and does not have that acute inflammatory response.
• Complications of acute pyelonephritis include abscesses, sepsis, acute respiratory
distress syndrome, recurrent/chronic pyelonephritis, and chronic kidney disease.
