NSG 3600 Exam 4-QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
2026 UPDATE | 100% CORRECT
Patho of ADHD
Cause is unknown however the neurotransmitters
dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) are
thought to be involved
Clinical Manifestations of ADHD
Inattention
Behaviors displaying hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Diagnosis of ADHD
Medical and developmental histories
Physical Exam
Vision and hearing assessment
Detailed neurogenic evaluation
Behavioral checklist
Therapeutic management of ADHD
Three-pronged approach
• Pharmacologic therapy:
• Psychostimulants methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine and
amphetamine, lisdexamfetamine
,• Prescribed dose based on resolution of symptoms & not child's weight
• Behavioral therapy:
• Prevention of undesired behavior/parenting skills
• Counseling
• Peer group work
• Family therapy
• Environmental Manipulation:
• Environment modified to allow child to be successful
Patho of Down syndrome
Most common chromosomal abnormality: 47
chromosomes present, usually as Trisomy of 21st
pair
• Changes development of body & brain
Clinical Manifestations of Down syndrome
Poor muscle tone
• Slanting eyes
• Hyper flexibility of the joints
• Flat bridge of nose
• Short neck with extra folds of skin
• Small Stature
• Low-set ears
,• Simian crease
• Protruding tongue
Diagnosis of Down syndrome
Chromosomal blood test
Therapeutic Management
• Assist new parents with information & resources
• Early intervention
Patho of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Continuum of disorders involving limitations in
social relatedness, verbal & nonverbal
communication, & range of interest & behavior
Clinical Manifestations of Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Impairment in social reciprocity
• Inability to maintain eye contact
• Impaired communication
• Restrictive or repetitive behaviors, interests or activities
Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder
"First signs" program
Therapeutic Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder
, • Early intervention
• Be aware of child's physical boundaries & reluctance to be touched by
others
• Routine VERY important for these patients
Education of Autism Spectrum Disorder
• CDC ALARM acronym as a means of understanding autism & its treatment
• A-autism is prevalent
• L-listen to patients/parents
• A-act early
• R-refer
• M-monitor
Maltreatment of Children
•Includes abuse and neglect of a child
less than 18 years of age by anyone
who is a caregiver or custodial role
• Physical, sexual, emotional abuse or
neglect
Possible Signs and Symptoms of Maltreatment of Children
Physical: bodily injury caused by intentional physical aggression
Sexual: Sexual acts involving an adult and child
Emotional: Attitude, behavior, or failure to act that interferes with a child's mental health or
2026 UPDATE | 100% CORRECT
Patho of ADHD
Cause is unknown however the neurotransmitters
dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) are
thought to be involved
Clinical Manifestations of ADHD
Inattention
Behaviors displaying hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Diagnosis of ADHD
Medical and developmental histories
Physical Exam
Vision and hearing assessment
Detailed neurogenic evaluation
Behavioral checklist
Therapeutic management of ADHD
Three-pronged approach
• Pharmacologic therapy:
• Psychostimulants methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine and
amphetamine, lisdexamfetamine
,• Prescribed dose based on resolution of symptoms & not child's weight
• Behavioral therapy:
• Prevention of undesired behavior/parenting skills
• Counseling
• Peer group work
• Family therapy
• Environmental Manipulation:
• Environment modified to allow child to be successful
Patho of Down syndrome
Most common chromosomal abnormality: 47
chromosomes present, usually as Trisomy of 21st
pair
• Changes development of body & brain
Clinical Manifestations of Down syndrome
Poor muscle tone
• Slanting eyes
• Hyper flexibility of the joints
• Flat bridge of nose
• Short neck with extra folds of skin
• Small Stature
• Low-set ears
,• Simian crease
• Protruding tongue
Diagnosis of Down syndrome
Chromosomal blood test
Therapeutic Management
• Assist new parents with information & resources
• Early intervention
Patho of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Continuum of disorders involving limitations in
social relatedness, verbal & nonverbal
communication, & range of interest & behavior
Clinical Manifestations of Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Impairment in social reciprocity
• Inability to maintain eye contact
• Impaired communication
• Restrictive or repetitive behaviors, interests or activities
Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder
"First signs" program
Therapeutic Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder
, • Early intervention
• Be aware of child's physical boundaries & reluctance to be touched by
others
• Routine VERY important for these patients
Education of Autism Spectrum Disorder
• CDC ALARM acronym as a means of understanding autism & its treatment
• A-autism is prevalent
• L-listen to patients/parents
• A-act early
• R-refer
• M-monitor
Maltreatment of Children
•Includes abuse and neglect of a child
less than 18 years of age by anyone
who is a caregiver or custodial role
• Physical, sexual, emotional abuse or
neglect
Possible Signs and Symptoms of Maltreatment of Children
Physical: bodily injury caused by intentional physical aggression
Sexual: Sexual acts involving an adult and child
Emotional: Attitude, behavior, or failure to act that interferes with a child's mental health or
