NUR-631 Patho Final Exam 2026 | Most Tested Questions &
Verified Answers | Latest Update | Graded A+
1. Speculum examination of the cervix of a 34-year-old woman yields greenish-
grey and frothy discharge, associated with 'strawberry spots' on the cervix
and vagina. This is the clinical presentation of:
Bacterial vaginosis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Chlamydia Trachomatis
Herpes simplex genitalis
HPV-virus
2. Describe the significance of a patient being unable to identify an object by
touch during a neurological examination.
It indicates a problem with motor skills.
It suggests the patient has a hearing impairment.
It confirms the patient has full sensory function.
It may indicate a disruption in sensory processing or cognitive
function.
3. What is the primary characteristic of aplastic anemia?
Aplastic anemia is caused by excessive iron accumulation in the body.
Aplastic anemia is a genetic disorder affecting red blood cell
production.
Aplastic anemia is characterized by the failure of the bone marrow
to produce sufficient blood cells.
, Aplastic anemia is an autoimmune condition that attacks white blood
cells.
4. Describe the characteristics of psoriasis and how it differs from other skin
conditions.
Psoriasis is a condition that causes hair loss and is characterized by
bald patches.
Psoriasis is a skin condition that primarily affects the face and is
characterized by redness and swelling.
Psoriasis is a contagious skin condition that causes blisters and is
characterized by fluid-filled lesions.
Psoriasis is characterized by thick, scaly patches that are well-
defined, often appearing red or inflamed, which distinguishes it
from conditions like eczema that may have more diffuse symptoms.
5. Describe the process and implications of metaplasia in the context of chronic
respiratory conditions.
Metaplasia is the process where one type of epithelial cell is
replaced by another type, often due to chronic irritation, which can
lead to impaired function and increased risk of disease.
Metaplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells in a tissue,
leading to tissue enlargement.
Metaplasia is the abnormal growth of cells that can lead to cancer.
Metaplasia is the thickening of the cell wall in response to stress.
6. Lactase deficiency results in?
Inability to digest lactose
Osmotic diarrhea
, Gas/bloating
All of the above
7. Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can lead to
Improved hemoglobin saturation
Tissue hypoxia
Enhanced respiratory function
Increased oxygen delivery to tissues
8. A nurse is reviewing the obstetric history of a patient who has had 3
pregnancies resulting in 2 live births, 1 preterm birth, and 1 miscarriage. How
would the nurse document this using the GTPAL system?
G3 T2 P0 A1 L2
G2 T1 P1 A1 L2
G3 T1 P1 A1 L1
G3 T2 P1 A1 L2
9. Describe the significance of IgG deposition in the context of
glomerulonephritis.
IgG deposition in the renal tubules suggests a metabolic disorder.
IgG deposition in the interstitial tissue is unrelated to kidney function.
IgG deposition in the glomeruli indicates an immune response that
can lead to inflammation and damage to the kidney.
IgG deposition in the bloodstream reflects normal immune function.
, 10. What is a known risk factor for the development of type 1 diabetes in
newborns?
Obesity
High sugar intake
Sedentary lifestyle
Genetic predisposition
11. Describe how hemophilia is inherited and the role of the gene involved.
Hemophilia is inherited through autosomal dominant inheritance,
affecting both genders equally.
Hemophilia is inherited through mitochondrial DNA, affecting only
females.
Hemophilia is caused by a mutation on the Y chromosome, affecting
only males.
Hemophilia is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, meaning
the gene responsible is located on the X chromosome.
12. Hemophilia results from an altered gene on:
both the X chromosome and the Y chromosome.
the X chromosome only.
the Y chromosome only.
neither the X chromosome nor the Y chromosome.
Verified Answers | Latest Update | Graded A+
1. Speculum examination of the cervix of a 34-year-old woman yields greenish-
grey and frothy discharge, associated with 'strawberry spots' on the cervix
and vagina. This is the clinical presentation of:
Bacterial vaginosis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Chlamydia Trachomatis
Herpes simplex genitalis
HPV-virus
2. Describe the significance of a patient being unable to identify an object by
touch during a neurological examination.
It indicates a problem with motor skills.
It suggests the patient has a hearing impairment.
It confirms the patient has full sensory function.
It may indicate a disruption in sensory processing or cognitive
function.
3. What is the primary characteristic of aplastic anemia?
Aplastic anemia is caused by excessive iron accumulation in the body.
Aplastic anemia is a genetic disorder affecting red blood cell
production.
Aplastic anemia is characterized by the failure of the bone marrow
to produce sufficient blood cells.
, Aplastic anemia is an autoimmune condition that attacks white blood
cells.
4. Describe the characteristics of psoriasis and how it differs from other skin
conditions.
Psoriasis is a condition that causes hair loss and is characterized by
bald patches.
Psoriasis is a skin condition that primarily affects the face and is
characterized by redness and swelling.
Psoriasis is a contagious skin condition that causes blisters and is
characterized by fluid-filled lesions.
Psoriasis is characterized by thick, scaly patches that are well-
defined, often appearing red or inflamed, which distinguishes it
from conditions like eczema that may have more diffuse symptoms.
5. Describe the process and implications of metaplasia in the context of chronic
respiratory conditions.
Metaplasia is the process where one type of epithelial cell is
replaced by another type, often due to chronic irritation, which can
lead to impaired function and increased risk of disease.
Metaplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells in a tissue,
leading to tissue enlargement.
Metaplasia is the abnormal growth of cells that can lead to cancer.
Metaplasia is the thickening of the cell wall in response to stress.
6. Lactase deficiency results in?
Inability to digest lactose
Osmotic diarrhea
, Gas/bloating
All of the above
7. Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can lead to
Improved hemoglobin saturation
Tissue hypoxia
Enhanced respiratory function
Increased oxygen delivery to tissues
8. A nurse is reviewing the obstetric history of a patient who has had 3
pregnancies resulting in 2 live births, 1 preterm birth, and 1 miscarriage. How
would the nurse document this using the GTPAL system?
G3 T2 P0 A1 L2
G2 T1 P1 A1 L2
G3 T1 P1 A1 L1
G3 T2 P1 A1 L2
9. Describe the significance of IgG deposition in the context of
glomerulonephritis.
IgG deposition in the renal tubules suggests a metabolic disorder.
IgG deposition in the interstitial tissue is unrelated to kidney function.
IgG deposition in the glomeruli indicates an immune response that
can lead to inflammation and damage to the kidney.
IgG deposition in the bloodstream reflects normal immune function.
, 10. What is a known risk factor for the development of type 1 diabetes in
newborns?
Obesity
High sugar intake
Sedentary lifestyle
Genetic predisposition
11. Describe how hemophilia is inherited and the role of the gene involved.
Hemophilia is inherited through autosomal dominant inheritance,
affecting both genders equally.
Hemophilia is inherited through mitochondrial DNA, affecting only
females.
Hemophilia is caused by a mutation on the Y chromosome, affecting
only males.
Hemophilia is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, meaning
the gene responsible is located on the X chromosome.
12. Hemophilia results from an altered gene on:
both the X chromosome and the Y chromosome.
the X chromosome only.
the Y chromosome only.
neither the X chromosome nor the Y chromosome.
