BIO 181 EXAM 3 GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
FLASHCARDS AND HIGH-YIELD TOPICS 2026
◉ symplesiomorphies. Answer: shared ancestral trait states
◉ Michael Urey. Answer: spark-> reduced atm->condenser->liquid
with amino acids
◉ first cells formed. Answer: 3.5 BYA and resemble prokaryotes
◉ stromatolite. Answer: mats of cynabacterial cells that trap mineral
deposits
◉ Great Oxygen Event. Answer: 2.3 BYA; cyanobacteria; began
producing oxygen by photosynthesis and it began to accumulate in
the atm. The O2 reacted with the UV radiation to form O3 (Ozone)
◉ Three monophyletic domains. Answer: BAE
◉ Eukaryotes formed. Answer: 1.5 BYA > 2BY after bacteria
◉ How do we classify all living organisms?. Answer: 1. life cycles
, 2. extraembryotic membranes
3. excretory product
4. temperature regulation
5. skull types
◉ Haploid. Answer: single set of unpaired chromosomes
◉ Diploid. Answer: two complete sets of chromosomes (one from
each parent)
◉ Gametes. Answer: mature haploid cells (male or female). fuse with
other haploid cells to form zygote
◉ Gametophyte. Answer: sexual phase in alternation of generation
life cycle
◉ meiosis. Answer: single cell divides twice (4 daughter cells with
1/2 chromosomes of parent)
◉ mitosis. Answer: nuclear division to produce 2 identical daughter
cells
◉ spore. Answer: one celled reproductive unit. asexual
FLASHCARDS AND HIGH-YIELD TOPICS 2026
◉ symplesiomorphies. Answer: shared ancestral trait states
◉ Michael Urey. Answer: spark-> reduced atm->condenser->liquid
with amino acids
◉ first cells formed. Answer: 3.5 BYA and resemble prokaryotes
◉ stromatolite. Answer: mats of cynabacterial cells that trap mineral
deposits
◉ Great Oxygen Event. Answer: 2.3 BYA; cyanobacteria; began
producing oxygen by photosynthesis and it began to accumulate in
the atm. The O2 reacted with the UV radiation to form O3 (Ozone)
◉ Three monophyletic domains. Answer: BAE
◉ Eukaryotes formed. Answer: 1.5 BYA > 2BY after bacteria
◉ How do we classify all living organisms?. Answer: 1. life cycles
, 2. extraembryotic membranes
3. excretory product
4. temperature regulation
5. skull types
◉ Haploid. Answer: single set of unpaired chromosomes
◉ Diploid. Answer: two complete sets of chromosomes (one from
each parent)
◉ Gametes. Answer: mature haploid cells (male or female). fuse with
other haploid cells to form zygote
◉ Gametophyte. Answer: sexual phase in alternation of generation
life cycle
◉ meiosis. Answer: single cell divides twice (4 daughter cells with
1/2 chromosomes of parent)
◉ mitosis. Answer: nuclear division to produce 2 identical daughter
cells
◉ spore. Answer: one celled reproductive unit. asexual
