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MDC 1 Exam Study Guide – Modules 4–6
Based on the Road Map and PowerPoints (Chapters 35, 36, 37, 58, and 59)
Musculoskeletal Assessment
• Pain assessment includes location, severity, duration, radiation, and impact on ADLs.
• Neurovascular checks assess pulses, color, temperature, sensation, movement, and
capillary refill.
• 5 P’s of compartment syndrome: Pain, Pallor, Paresthesia, Pulselessness, Paralysis.
RICE
• Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation used for strains and sprains.
Low Back Pain
• Causes include muscle strain, disc problems, osteoarthritis, and spinal stenosis.
• Symptoms include pain, muscle spasms, fatigue, and limited mobility.
• Nursing interventions include pain control, exercise, body mechanics, and weight
reduction.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Compression of the median nerve at the wrist.
• Symptoms: numbness, tingling, weakness, night pain. Treatment:
splints, NSAIDs, corticosteroids.
Osteoarthritis
• Degenerative joint disease causing pain and stiffness.
• Morning stiffness usually lasts less than 30 minutes. Commonly
affects knees, hips, and spine.
Osteoporosis
• Bone resorption exceeds bone formation leading to fragile bones.
• Prevention includes calcium, vitamin D, and weight-bearing exercise.
• Bisphosphonates must be taken with water and patient remains upright for 30–60
minutes.
Osteomyelitis
• Bone infection often caused by MRSA.
• Symptoms include fever, swelling, drainage, and severe pain.
• Treatment includes long-term antibiotics and surgical debridement.
Cast Care
• Perform neurovascular checks frequently.
• Keep cast dry and avoid inserting objects inside.
MDC 1 Exam Study Guide – Modules 4–6
Based on the Road Map and PowerPoints (Chapters 35, 36, 37, 58, and 59)
Musculoskeletal Assessment
• Pain assessment includes location, severity, duration, radiation, and impact on ADLs.
• Neurovascular checks assess pulses, color, temperature, sensation, movement, and
capillary refill.
• 5 P’s of compartment syndrome: Pain, Pallor, Paresthesia, Pulselessness, Paralysis.
RICE
• Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation used for strains and sprains.
Low Back Pain
• Causes include muscle strain, disc problems, osteoarthritis, and spinal stenosis.
• Symptoms include pain, muscle spasms, fatigue, and limited mobility.
• Nursing interventions include pain control, exercise, body mechanics, and weight
reduction.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Compression of the median nerve at the wrist.
• Symptoms: numbness, tingling, weakness, night pain. Treatment:
splints, NSAIDs, corticosteroids.
Osteoarthritis
• Degenerative joint disease causing pain and stiffness.
• Morning stiffness usually lasts less than 30 minutes. Commonly
affects knees, hips, and spine.
Osteoporosis
• Bone resorption exceeds bone formation leading to fragile bones.
• Prevention includes calcium, vitamin D, and weight-bearing exercise.
• Bisphosphonates must be taken with water and patient remains upright for 30–60
minutes.
Osteomyelitis
• Bone infection often caused by MRSA.
• Symptoms include fever, swelling, drainage, and severe pain.
• Treatment includes long-term antibiotics and surgical debridement.
Cast Care
• Perform neurovascular checks frequently.
• Keep cast dry and avoid inserting objects inside.
