AP Psychology- AP Exam Review UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
psychology the study of behavior and mental processes
psychology's biggest question Which is more important in determining behavior, nature or nurture?
psychology's three levels of analysis biopsychosocial approach
(looks at the biological, psychological, and social-cultural approaches together)
biological approach genetics, close-relatives, body functions
evolutionary approach species - helped with survival (ancestors)
psychodynamic approach (Freud) subconscious, repressed feelings, unfulfilled wishes
behavioral approach learning (classical and operant) observed
cognitive approach thinking affects behavior
humanistic approach becoming a better human (behavior, acceptance)
social-cultural approach cultural, family, environment
two reasons of why experiments are important hindsight bias + overconfidence
types of research methods descriptive, correlational, and experimental
, descriptive methods case study
survey
naturalistic observation
(DON'T SHOW CAUSE/EFFECT)
case study studies one person in depth
may not be typical of population
survey studies lots of people
not in depth
naturalistic observation observe + write facts without interference
correlational method shows relation, but not cause/effect
scatterplots show research
correlation coefficient + 1.0 (both increase)
0 (no correlation
- 1.0 (one increases, other decreases)
experimental method does show cause and effect
population type of people who are going to be used in experiment
sample actual people who will be used (randomness reduces bias)
random assignment chance selection between experimental and control groups
control group not receiving experimental treatment
receives placebo
experimental group receiving treatment/drug
independent variable drug/procedure/treatment
dependent variable outcome of using the drug/treatment
confounding variable can affect dependent variable beyond experiment's control
scientific method theory
hypothesis
operational definition
revision
theory general idea being tested
hypothesis measurable/specific
operational definition procedures that explain components
CORRECT ANSWERS
psychology the study of behavior and mental processes
psychology's biggest question Which is more important in determining behavior, nature or nurture?
psychology's three levels of analysis biopsychosocial approach
(looks at the biological, psychological, and social-cultural approaches together)
biological approach genetics, close-relatives, body functions
evolutionary approach species - helped with survival (ancestors)
psychodynamic approach (Freud) subconscious, repressed feelings, unfulfilled wishes
behavioral approach learning (classical and operant) observed
cognitive approach thinking affects behavior
humanistic approach becoming a better human (behavior, acceptance)
social-cultural approach cultural, family, environment
two reasons of why experiments are important hindsight bias + overconfidence
types of research methods descriptive, correlational, and experimental
, descriptive methods case study
survey
naturalistic observation
(DON'T SHOW CAUSE/EFFECT)
case study studies one person in depth
may not be typical of population
survey studies lots of people
not in depth
naturalistic observation observe + write facts without interference
correlational method shows relation, but not cause/effect
scatterplots show research
correlation coefficient + 1.0 (both increase)
0 (no correlation
- 1.0 (one increases, other decreases)
experimental method does show cause and effect
population type of people who are going to be used in experiment
sample actual people who will be used (randomness reduces bias)
random assignment chance selection between experimental and control groups
control group not receiving experimental treatment
receives placebo
experimental group receiving treatment/drug
independent variable drug/procedure/treatment
dependent variable outcome of using the drug/treatment
confounding variable can affect dependent variable beyond experiment's control
scientific method theory
hypothesis
operational definition
revision
theory general idea being tested
hypothesis measurable/specific
operational definition procedures that explain components
