Updated Latest Test Bank For Pathophysiology 7th Edition By Jacquelyn L Banasik Complete Questions And Answers Comprehensive Disease Mechanisms Human Pathophysiology Clinical Reasoning Nursing Science Study Resource

Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
Banasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition


MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
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pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash,
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dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat,
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malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been
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prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is J J J J J J




a. a sore throat. J J




b. streptococcal infection. J




c. genetic susceptibility. J




d. pharyngitis.

ANS: B J




Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat is the
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manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to develop
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a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical manifestation of the
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disease process. J




2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes
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meningitis. This is an example of J J J J J




a. primary prevention. J




b. secondary prevention. J




c. tertiaryprevention. J




d. disease treatment. J




ANS: A J




Primaryprevention is prevention of disease byaltering susceptibilityor reducing exposure for
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susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early
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detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative
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and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease
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treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
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3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise
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program. This is an example of J J J J J




a. primary prevention. J




b. secondary prevention. J




c. tertiaryprevention. J




d. disease treatment. J




ANS: B J




Secondaryprevention is the earlydetection, screening, and management of the disease such as
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prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Primary
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prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible
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individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
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alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of
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the disease once it has developed.
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,4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
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intake. This is an example ofJ J J J J




a. primary prevention. J




b. secondary prevention. J




c. tertiaryprevention. J




d. disease treatment. J




ANS: B J




Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such as by
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prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevention of disease
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by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention
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includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore
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effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has
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developed.

5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering
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medication. This is an example of J J J J J




a. primary prevention. J




b. secondary prevention. J




c. tertiaryprevention. J




d. disease treatment. J




ANS: C J




Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability
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and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering medication following
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a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing
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exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and
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management of the disease. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has J J J J J J J J J J J J J J




developed.

6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this
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disease. This stage of illness is called the
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a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B J




Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first
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appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the incubation
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(latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the
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onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and nausea,
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which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refers to subsequent pathologic
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condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or
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surgical operation. J




7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
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a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.

, ANS: B J




A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease that spreads
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to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large geographic regions,
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perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease distribution pattern.
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8. In general, with aging, organ size and function
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a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. J J




d. are unknown. J




ANS: B J




In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
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9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
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established, is referred to as J J J J




a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B J




The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
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established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious
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agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent period or, in the case of
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infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or prodrome, refers to the
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appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. Convalescence is the
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stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
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MULTIPLE RESPONSE J




1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
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(Select all that apply.) J J J




a. gender difference. J




b. situational factors. J




c. normal variation. J




d. cultural variation. J




e. illness.

ANS: A, B, C, E
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Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness mayall determine red blood cell
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count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal).
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2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.) J J J J J J J J J J




a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. J




c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.

, ANS: B, C, D, E J J J J




Socioeconomic factors influence disease development via exposure to environmental toxins J J J J J J J J J J




(occupational) and overcrowding, nutrition (over- or undernutrition), and hygiene (e.g., in J J J J J J J J J J J




developing countries). Genetics is not influenced by socioeconomic factors.
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3. When determining additional data to gather before making a diagnosis, what factors need to be
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considered? (Select all that apply.) J J J J




a. Reliability
b. Expense
c. Validity
d. Generalizability
e. Repetition
ANS: A, C J J




Two considerations one must use when choosing additional data to gather include the reliability
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and validity of the tests being weighed. Reliability, or precision, is the ability of a test to give the
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same result in repeated measurements. Validity, or accuracy, is the degree to which a
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measurement reflects the true value of the object it is intended to measure. Expense, J J J J J J J J J J J J J J




generalizability, and repetition are not characteristics that are typically considered. J J J J J J J J J




4. Which of the following statements are accurate when considering diagnostic testing for an
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individual with a possible medical condition? (Select all that apply.)
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a. The more often a patient has a test, the more accurate the average result is.
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b. Sensitivity is the chance the test will be positive if the hypothesized disease is J J J J J J J J J J J J J J




present.
c. Testing is generally not accurate during the prodromal stage to make a diagnosis.
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d. Specificity shows that a test will be negative if the person does not have the J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J




disease.
e. Reliabilitydemonstrates a test is accurate under a number of different conditions. J J J J J J J J J J J




ANS: B, D J J




Sensitivity is the probability that the test will be positive when applied to a person with the
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condition. Specificity is the probability that a test will be negative when applied to a person who
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does not have a given condition. Test results are usuallynot aggregated and averaged. A disease
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process is well established during the prodromal phase of illness, so some diagnostic testing would
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indicate its presence. Reliability, or precision, is the ability of a test to give the same result in
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repeated measurements. J




Chapter 02: Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors
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Banasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE J




1. Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except
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a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increased peripheral resistance. J J




d. pupil constriction. J




ANS: D J