NUR 326 Cumulative Final Exam 2026 | University of
Alabama | Latest Update | Questions & Answers | Graded A+
1. Clinical features of diabetic ketoacidosis are:
hyperglycemia, dehydration and electrolyte loss, alkalosis
hypoglycemia, dehydration and electrolyte loss, acidosis
hyperglycemia, dehydration and electrolyte loss, acidosis
hypoglycemia, overhydration and hypocalcemia, alkalosis
2. What is the term used for an infection that spreads throughout the body?
Systemic infection
Acute infection
Chronic infection
Local infection
3. If a patient presents with hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin utilization,
what management strategy might be most effective?
Reducing protein intake to lower blood sugar.
Administering more insulin without lifestyle changes.
Increasing carbohydrate intake to balance blood sugar.
Improving insulin sensitivity through lifestyle modifications.
4. A systemic infection is one
where invading microbes are limited to a small area of the body
there is no such thing as a systemic infection
, where microbes spread from a local infection to other areas where
they are confined
where microbes or their toxins spread throughout the body
5. Describe the implications of a Thyroid Storm on a patient's health.
A Thyroid Storm is a chronic condition that requires long-term
management.
A Thyroid Storm is a life-threatening condition that can lead to
severe cardiovascular and neurological complications.
A Thyroid Storm primarily affects the digestive system and causes
abdominal pain.
A Thyroid Storm is a mild condition that causes temporary fatigue and
weight loss.
6. Describe the significance of identifying common types of cancer in medical
literature.
Identifying common types of cancer helps in understanding
prevalence, risk factors, and guiding treatment strategies.
Identifying common types of cancer is only important for statistical
purposes.
Identifying common types of cancer has no impact on treatment
decisions.
Identifying common types of cancer is irrelevant to patient care.
7. If a patient has an HGB A1C level of 6.8%, what would be the appropriate
management strategy for their condition?
No action is needed as the level is normal.
Increase physical activity without dietary changes.
, Monitor HGB A1C levels only once a year.
Implement lifestyle modifications and consider diabetes
management strategies.
8. Which of the following dietary items should patients with Inflammatory Bowel
Disease avoid?
High-fat foods
Low-fat dairy
Whole grains
Lean meats
9. A patient presents with a mild-moderate Clostridium difficile infection. What is
the best treatment option for this patient?
Metronidazole 250 mg PO BID x 14 days.
Vancomycin 125 mg PO QID 10-14 days.
Metronidazole 500 mg PO three times daily x 10-14 days.
Metronidazole 500 mg PO three times daily x 7-10 days.
Vancomycin 250 mg PO QID x 7-10 days.
10. Which is one of the most common barriers to pain management with the
older adult population?
Absence of assessment tools
An attitude that pain is a normal part of aging
Older adults frequently complain of pain
Sensory impairment of the older adult
, 11. If an elderly patient presents with chronic pain but shows no significant
changes in vital signs, what should a healthcare provider consider?
The provider should assume the pain is psychological.
The patient is likely not in pain due to stable vital signs.
The patient should be advised to avoid all pain medications.
The provider should consider that vital signs do not reliably indicate
pain levels.
12. Describe the role of adjuvant agents in the context of pain management.
Adjuvant agents are used to increase the dosage of primary pain
medications.
Adjuvant agents enhance the effectiveness of primary pain
medications and can target different pain pathways.
Adjuvant agents are only effective in chronic pain management.
Adjuvant agents are solely used for treating infections.
13. What pain assessment would you use on a person with decreased cognitive
function?
FLACC
numeric pain intensity scale
wong baker
descriptive
14. Describe how referred pain can complicate the diagnosis of medical
conditions.
Referred pain is always easy to diagnose due to its specific location.
Alabama | Latest Update | Questions & Answers | Graded A+
1. Clinical features of diabetic ketoacidosis are:
hyperglycemia, dehydration and electrolyte loss, alkalosis
hypoglycemia, dehydration and electrolyte loss, acidosis
hyperglycemia, dehydration and electrolyte loss, acidosis
hypoglycemia, overhydration and hypocalcemia, alkalosis
2. What is the term used for an infection that spreads throughout the body?
Systemic infection
Acute infection
Chronic infection
Local infection
3. If a patient presents with hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin utilization,
what management strategy might be most effective?
Reducing protein intake to lower blood sugar.
Administering more insulin without lifestyle changes.
Increasing carbohydrate intake to balance blood sugar.
Improving insulin sensitivity through lifestyle modifications.
4. A systemic infection is one
where invading microbes are limited to a small area of the body
there is no such thing as a systemic infection
, where microbes spread from a local infection to other areas where
they are confined
where microbes or their toxins spread throughout the body
5. Describe the implications of a Thyroid Storm on a patient's health.
A Thyroid Storm is a chronic condition that requires long-term
management.
A Thyroid Storm is a life-threatening condition that can lead to
severe cardiovascular and neurological complications.
A Thyroid Storm primarily affects the digestive system and causes
abdominal pain.
A Thyroid Storm is a mild condition that causes temporary fatigue and
weight loss.
6. Describe the significance of identifying common types of cancer in medical
literature.
Identifying common types of cancer helps in understanding
prevalence, risk factors, and guiding treatment strategies.
Identifying common types of cancer is only important for statistical
purposes.
Identifying common types of cancer has no impact on treatment
decisions.
Identifying common types of cancer is irrelevant to patient care.
7. If a patient has an HGB A1C level of 6.8%, what would be the appropriate
management strategy for their condition?
No action is needed as the level is normal.
Increase physical activity without dietary changes.
, Monitor HGB A1C levels only once a year.
Implement lifestyle modifications and consider diabetes
management strategies.
8. Which of the following dietary items should patients with Inflammatory Bowel
Disease avoid?
High-fat foods
Low-fat dairy
Whole grains
Lean meats
9. A patient presents with a mild-moderate Clostridium difficile infection. What is
the best treatment option for this patient?
Metronidazole 250 mg PO BID x 14 days.
Vancomycin 125 mg PO QID 10-14 days.
Metronidazole 500 mg PO three times daily x 10-14 days.
Metronidazole 500 mg PO three times daily x 7-10 days.
Vancomycin 250 mg PO QID x 7-10 days.
10. Which is one of the most common barriers to pain management with the
older adult population?
Absence of assessment tools
An attitude that pain is a normal part of aging
Older adults frequently complain of pain
Sensory impairment of the older adult
, 11. If an elderly patient presents with chronic pain but shows no significant
changes in vital signs, what should a healthcare provider consider?
The provider should assume the pain is psychological.
The patient is likely not in pain due to stable vital signs.
The patient should be advised to avoid all pain medications.
The provider should consider that vital signs do not reliably indicate
pain levels.
12. Describe the role of adjuvant agents in the context of pain management.
Adjuvant agents are used to increase the dosage of primary pain
medications.
Adjuvant agents enhance the effectiveness of primary pain
medications and can target different pain pathways.
Adjuvant agents are only effective in chronic pain management.
Adjuvant agents are solely used for treating infections.
13. What pain assessment would you use on a person with decreased cognitive
function?
FLACC
numeric pain intensity scale
wong baker
descriptive
14. Describe how referred pain can complicate the diagnosis of medical
conditions.
Referred pain is always easy to diagnose due to its specific location.
