KIN 2236 TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What are the four principles of protection in athletic equipment? - answers - deflection,
dissipation, deformation, absorption
What does deflection mean in equipment design? - answers - turning force aside using
hard, smooth, rounded surfaces
What does dissipation mean? - answers - spreading force over a larger area using
layers/materials
What does deformation mean? - answers - equipment changes shape to absorb energy
(e.g., bike helmets)
What does absorption mean? - answers - material receives force without rebound (felt,
foams, air/fluid)
Open-cell foam characteristics? - answers - sponge-like, low resilience, used under
hard edges/bony areas
Closed-cell foam characteristics? - answers - high resilience, rebounds quickly, less
cushioning at low impact
Key helmet fitting criteria? - answers - wet hair, 1-2 fingers above eyebrows, covers
occiput, mask 2-3 fingers from nose, snug chin strap
What factors alter helmet fit over time? - answers - temperature, hair length, padding
deterioration, air loss
Straight vs curved last - answers - straight = motion control; curved = neutral/stability
Board vs slip lasting? - answers - board = stiff, good for orthotics; slip = flexible
Proper shoe fit guidelines? - answers - fit at end of day, 1-1.5 cm toe room, ripple test fir
width
Primary prevention definition? - answers - eliminating the event (technique, rules,
equipment).
Secondary prevention definition? - answers - reducing severity (helmets, bindings,
strength)
ANSWERS
What are the four principles of protection in athletic equipment? - answers - deflection,
dissipation, deformation, absorption
What does deflection mean in equipment design? - answers - turning force aside using
hard, smooth, rounded surfaces
What does dissipation mean? - answers - spreading force over a larger area using
layers/materials
What does deformation mean? - answers - equipment changes shape to absorb energy
(e.g., bike helmets)
What does absorption mean? - answers - material receives force without rebound (felt,
foams, air/fluid)
Open-cell foam characteristics? - answers - sponge-like, low resilience, used under
hard edges/bony areas
Closed-cell foam characteristics? - answers - high resilience, rebounds quickly, less
cushioning at low impact
Key helmet fitting criteria? - answers - wet hair, 1-2 fingers above eyebrows, covers
occiput, mask 2-3 fingers from nose, snug chin strap
What factors alter helmet fit over time? - answers - temperature, hair length, padding
deterioration, air loss
Straight vs curved last - answers - straight = motion control; curved = neutral/stability
Board vs slip lasting? - answers - board = stiff, good for orthotics; slip = flexible
Proper shoe fit guidelines? - answers - fit at end of day, 1-1.5 cm toe room, ripple test fir
width
Primary prevention definition? - answers - eliminating the event (technique, rules,
equipment).
Secondary prevention definition? - answers - reducing severity (helmets, bindings,
strength)
