TEST BANK FOR
UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOG zs
Y 7TH EDITION BY
HUETHER-a comprehensive study guide-2022
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOIC
E
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DN
A with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nu
cleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryo
te contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy
?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability in
volves maintenance of a s t ea dNy dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secre
tion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most o
sw
f the genetic information be contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-
binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is
,associated with cellular respiration while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturin
g. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
,4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the
layer itself?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
, ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surf
ace while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein marks
cells and does not float.
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in th
e extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?
a. Decreased fibronectin
b. Increased collagen
c. Decreased elastin
d. Increased glycoproteins
ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing the
m to travel or metastasize.
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
a. Cell junction N
b. Gap junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction
ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell. Gap junctions all
ow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions are associ
ated with cellular communication.
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring s
alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
sw
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glu
cagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical m
ediator like insulin.
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. solute.
UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOG zs
Y 7TH EDITION BY
HUETHER-a comprehensive study guide-2022
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOIC
E
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DN
A with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nu
cleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryo
te contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy
?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability in
volves maintenance of a s t ea dNy dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secre
tion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most o
sw
f the genetic information be contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-
binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is
,associated with cellular respiration while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturin
g. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
,4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the
layer itself?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
, ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surf
ace while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein marks
cells and does not float.
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in th
e extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?
a. Decreased fibronectin
b. Increased collagen
c. Decreased elastin
d. Increased glycoproteins
ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing the
m to travel or metastasize.
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
a. Cell junction N
b. Gap junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction
ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell. Gap junctions all
ow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions are associ
ated with cellular communication.
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring s
alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
sw
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glu
cagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical m
ediator like insulin.
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. solute.
