NUR242 Exam 2: Medical-Surgical Nursing
| Questions and Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Grade A - Galen
This NUR 242 (Medical-Surgical Nursing) Exam 2 at Galen College of Nursing
primarily tests fluid and electrolyte imbalances, acid-base balance, and
cardiovascular monitoring. Key topics include dehydration, hyper/hypocalcemia,
potassium imbalances, and related electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. You can
utilize this Comprehensive study test bank, and verified question-and-answer set.
Key Topics & Study Content
Fluid Volume & Dehydration
• Dehydration labs: Elevated hematocrit (Hct), elevated urine specific
gravity (>1.030), and increased serum osmolality (>295 mOsm/kg).
• Assessment: Signs include tachycardia, thready pulse, flat neck veins,
oliguria, and sunken eyeballs.
• Priority Interventions: Isotonic fluids (e.g., 0.9% Normal Saline) are used
for isotonic dehydration. Hypotonic fluids are used for hypertonic
dehydration.
Electrolyte Imbalances
• Normal Calcium: 9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL.
• Hypocalcemia signs: Positive Chvostek’s sign, positive Trousseau’s
sign, tetany, and muscle spasms.
• Potassium imbalances: Low potassium (K⁺) shows U waves, ST
depression, and flat T waves on ECGs.
Quiz_________________?
Causes of fluid overload -
Answer
,•Excessive fluid replacement
•Kidney failure (late phase)
•Heart failure
•Long term corticosteroid therapy
•Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
•Psychiatric disorders with polydipsia
•Water intoxication
Quiz_________________?
s/s fluid overload -
Answer
•CV: tachycardia, bounding pulse, HTN, decrease pulse pressure, JVD, weight gain
•Resp: increase and shallow resp; SOB, crackles lung sounds
•Skin: pitting edema, skin pale and cool to touch
•Neuromuscular: LOC, HA, visual disturbance, muscle weakness, paresthesia
•GI: increase motility, enlarge liver
Quiz_________________?
Assessment for fluid overload -
Answer
•Assess risk r/t age and diagnosis, history (overhydration, CHF, kidney disease)
•Assess vital signs why: watch for bounding tachycardia, HTN, dysrhythmias,
tachypnea
,•Assess lung sounds (crackles) , weight, LOC, Observe JVD
•Assess lab values: electrolytes imbalance and signs and symptoms
• Focus Assessment: skin/extremities/ abdomen and sacrum area for edema
•Assess perfusion: edema may impair perfusion to extremities, assess peripheral
and central pulses, capillary refill, skin color, temp, sensory and motor function
•Observe for urine output
Quiz_________________?
Lab values fluid overload -
Answer
•Serum osmolality (275-295 mOsm/kg)
•Decrease found in overhydration <275; and < 265 is critical finding
•CBC
•Decrease hemoglobin and hematocrit
•BUN
•decreased BUN
•Electrolytes
•Decreased sodium (shifts due to dilution)
•Urine specific gravity Decrease < 1.005
Quiz_________________?
fluid overload interventions/goal -
Answer
, •Goal: reduce excess body fluids, promote desired elimination
•Manage underlying cause
•Restrict dietary sodium intake
•Monitor I/O
•Administer diuretic
•Monitor client's s/s and electrolytes values
•Restrict oral and other fluid intake as prescribed
Quiz_________________?
Fluid overload complications -
Answer
•Isotonic overhydration
•HF and pulmonary edema
•Seizure
•Coma
Quiz_________________?
Fluid overload medications -
Answer
Furosemide
Mannitol
| Questions and Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Grade A - Galen
This NUR 242 (Medical-Surgical Nursing) Exam 2 at Galen College of Nursing
primarily tests fluid and electrolyte imbalances, acid-base balance, and
cardiovascular monitoring. Key topics include dehydration, hyper/hypocalcemia,
potassium imbalances, and related electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. You can
utilize this Comprehensive study test bank, and verified question-and-answer set.
Key Topics & Study Content
Fluid Volume & Dehydration
• Dehydration labs: Elevated hematocrit (Hct), elevated urine specific
gravity (>1.030), and increased serum osmolality (>295 mOsm/kg).
• Assessment: Signs include tachycardia, thready pulse, flat neck veins,
oliguria, and sunken eyeballs.
• Priority Interventions: Isotonic fluids (e.g., 0.9% Normal Saline) are used
for isotonic dehydration. Hypotonic fluids are used for hypertonic
dehydration.
Electrolyte Imbalances
• Normal Calcium: 9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL.
• Hypocalcemia signs: Positive Chvostek’s sign, positive Trousseau’s
sign, tetany, and muscle spasms.
• Potassium imbalances: Low potassium (K⁺) shows U waves, ST
depression, and flat T waves on ECGs.
Quiz_________________?
Causes of fluid overload -
Answer
,•Excessive fluid replacement
•Kidney failure (late phase)
•Heart failure
•Long term corticosteroid therapy
•Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
•Psychiatric disorders with polydipsia
•Water intoxication
Quiz_________________?
s/s fluid overload -
Answer
•CV: tachycardia, bounding pulse, HTN, decrease pulse pressure, JVD, weight gain
•Resp: increase and shallow resp; SOB, crackles lung sounds
•Skin: pitting edema, skin pale and cool to touch
•Neuromuscular: LOC, HA, visual disturbance, muscle weakness, paresthesia
•GI: increase motility, enlarge liver
Quiz_________________?
Assessment for fluid overload -
Answer
•Assess risk r/t age and diagnosis, history (overhydration, CHF, kidney disease)
•Assess vital signs why: watch for bounding tachycardia, HTN, dysrhythmias,
tachypnea
,•Assess lung sounds (crackles) , weight, LOC, Observe JVD
•Assess lab values: electrolytes imbalance and signs and symptoms
• Focus Assessment: skin/extremities/ abdomen and sacrum area for edema
•Assess perfusion: edema may impair perfusion to extremities, assess peripheral
and central pulses, capillary refill, skin color, temp, sensory and motor function
•Observe for urine output
Quiz_________________?
Lab values fluid overload -
Answer
•Serum osmolality (275-295 mOsm/kg)
•Decrease found in overhydration <275; and < 265 is critical finding
•CBC
•Decrease hemoglobin and hematocrit
•BUN
•decreased BUN
•Electrolytes
•Decreased sodium (shifts due to dilution)
•Urine specific gravity Decrease < 1.005
Quiz_________________?
fluid overload interventions/goal -
Answer
, •Goal: reduce excess body fluids, promote desired elimination
•Manage underlying cause
•Restrict dietary sodium intake
•Monitor I/O
•Administer diuretic
•Monitor client's s/s and electrolytes values
•Restrict oral and other fluid intake as prescribed
Quiz_________________?
Fluid overload complications -
Answer
•Isotonic overhydration
•HF and pulmonary edema
•Seizure
•Coma
Quiz_________________?
Fluid overload medications -
Answer
Furosemide
Mannitol
