NR 228: Nutrition, Health & Wellness | Final Exam — Version 1 2026
|Chamberlain
1. Which of the following macronutrients provides the primary source of energy
for the brain?
A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Fats
D. Vitamins
Answer: B
Rationale: Glucose, derived from carbohydrates, is the preferred fuel for the brain and
central nervous system.
2. Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with neural tube
defects in newborns?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Folate (Folic Acid)
D. Vitamin A
Answer: C
Rationale: Adequate folate intake before and during early pregnancy is essential to
prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida.
,3. A patient with hypertension is encouraged to follow the DASH diet. Which
food group is emphasized in this plan?
A. Refined sugars and sweets
B. Red meats and processed grains
C. High-sodium canned goods
D. Fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy
Answer: D
Rationale: The DASH diet focuses on high intake of potassium, calcium, and magnesium
through fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy to lower blood pressure.
4. Which of the following is a symptom of Vitamin C deficiency (Scurvy)?
A. Night blindness
B. Rickets
C. Muscle wasting
D. Bleeding gums and easy bruising
Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin C is vital for collagen synthesis; lack of it leads to capillary fragility,
resulting in bleeding gums and bruising.
5. What is the recommended weight gain for a woman with a normal BMI
during a single-fetus pregnancy?
A. 25-35 lbs
B. 11-20 lbs
C. 37-54 lbs
D. 15-25 lbs
Answer: A
Rationale: For a woman with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI (18.5-24.9), the recommended
weight gain is 25-35 pounds.
, 6. Which mineral is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood as part of
hemoglobin?
A. Iron
B. Zinc
C. Magnesium
D. Calcium
Answer: A
Rationale: Iron is a central component of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs
to the tissues.
7. Dumping syndrome is a common complication after gastric surgery. Which
dietary intervention is most helpful?
A. Eating small, frequent meals and limiting simple sugars
B. Drinking large amounts of water with meals
C. Increasing intake of high-fiber raw vegetables
D. Consuming high-carbohydrate snacks
Answer: A
Rationale: Small, frequent meals and avoiding simple sugars help slow gastric emptying
and prevent the rapid fluid shift associated with dumping syndrome.
8. Which of the following is considered a ‘complete’ protein source?
A. Whole grain bread
B. Lentils
C. Peanut butter
D. Eggs
Answer: D
Rationale: Animal products like eggs, meat, and dairy contain all nine essential amino
acids, making them complete proteins.
|Chamberlain
1. Which of the following macronutrients provides the primary source of energy
for the brain?
A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Fats
D. Vitamins
Answer: B
Rationale: Glucose, derived from carbohydrates, is the preferred fuel for the brain and
central nervous system.
2. Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with neural tube
defects in newborns?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Folate (Folic Acid)
D. Vitamin A
Answer: C
Rationale: Adequate folate intake before and during early pregnancy is essential to
prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida.
,3. A patient with hypertension is encouraged to follow the DASH diet. Which
food group is emphasized in this plan?
A. Refined sugars and sweets
B. Red meats and processed grains
C. High-sodium canned goods
D. Fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy
Answer: D
Rationale: The DASH diet focuses on high intake of potassium, calcium, and magnesium
through fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy to lower blood pressure.
4. Which of the following is a symptom of Vitamin C deficiency (Scurvy)?
A. Night blindness
B. Rickets
C. Muscle wasting
D. Bleeding gums and easy bruising
Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin C is vital for collagen synthesis; lack of it leads to capillary fragility,
resulting in bleeding gums and bruising.
5. What is the recommended weight gain for a woman with a normal BMI
during a single-fetus pregnancy?
A. 25-35 lbs
B. 11-20 lbs
C. 37-54 lbs
D. 15-25 lbs
Answer: A
Rationale: For a woman with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI (18.5-24.9), the recommended
weight gain is 25-35 pounds.
, 6. Which mineral is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood as part of
hemoglobin?
A. Iron
B. Zinc
C. Magnesium
D. Calcium
Answer: A
Rationale: Iron is a central component of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs
to the tissues.
7. Dumping syndrome is a common complication after gastric surgery. Which
dietary intervention is most helpful?
A. Eating small, frequent meals and limiting simple sugars
B. Drinking large amounts of water with meals
C. Increasing intake of high-fiber raw vegetables
D. Consuming high-carbohydrate snacks
Answer: A
Rationale: Small, frequent meals and avoiding simple sugars help slow gastric emptying
and prevent the rapid fluid shift associated with dumping syndrome.
8. Which of the following is considered a ‘complete’ protein source?
A. Whole grain bread
B. Lentils
C. Peanut butter
D. Eggs
Answer: D
Rationale: Animal products like eggs, meat, and dairy contain all nine essential amino
acids, making them complete proteins.
