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BIOL 304 EXAM | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT

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BIOL 304EXAM | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT

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BIOL 304 EXAM 2 | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS


what is the allosteric effect - ANSWER>hemoglobin reacts to effectors with conformational changes that increase or


reduce its activity




what substances act on hemoglobin as allosteric substance - ANSWER>2, 3 biphosphoglycerate


proton H+


pCO2




what is 2, 3 biphosphoglycerate - ANSWER>highly anionic compound present in red blood cells at the same


concentration of hemoglobin




what would happen without 2, 3 biphosphoglycerate - ANSWER>hemoglobin would be an extremely inefficient


oxygen transporter releasing only 8% of its cargo in the tissues

, which state does must hemoglobin exist in for 2, 3 biphosphoglycerate to interact with it - ANSWER>only in the T


form




how does 2, 3 biphosphoglycerate concentration vary under hypoxic conditions - ANSWER>increases, favoring the


release of oxygen to the tissues even when pO2 is low




what is the bohr effect - ANSWER>increased carbon dioxide levels lowers the pH of the blood




relationship between pH and release of oxygen - ANSWER>lower pH causes Hb to release MORE oxygen; higher pH


causes Hb to hold onto more oxygen




The pH in lungs is _______________ and the pH in tissues is _____________. - ANSWER>7.2 and 7.4




what will shift the hemoglobin saturation curve left - ANSWER>decreased temperature, pressure of CO2, decreased


2, 3 biphosphoglycerate and INCREASED pH




what is the hemoglobin cooeprative binding/concerted model - ANSWER>all molecules exist either in T or R state.


at each level of oxygen loading, an equilibrium exists between T and R states. equilibrium shifts from strongly

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