NR 228: Nutrition, Health & Wellness - Week 5 Quiz (Micronutrients
and Fluid Balance) 2026 |Chamberlain
1. Which of the following vitamins is classified as water-soluble?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin C
Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins are water-soluble, meaning they are not
stored in large amounts in the body and excess is excreted in urine.
2. Which deficiency is characterized by the ‘4 Ds’: dermatitis, dementia,
diarrhea, and death?
A. Niacin deficiency (Pellagra)
B. Thiamine deficiency
C. Riboflavin deficiency
D. Folate deficiency
Answer: A
Rationale: Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of Niacin (Vitamin B3) and is clinically
identified by the four Ds.
,3. A patient with a deficiency in Vitamin K is at increased risk for:
A. Night blindness
B. Neural tube defects
C. Muscle weakness
D. Excessive bleeding
Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors; a deficiency
leads to impaired coagulation and hemorrhage.
4. Which mineral is the primary regulator of extracellular fluid volume?
A. Potassium
B. Magnesium
C. Sodium
D. Calcium
Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium is the major cation in extracellular fluid and plays a key role in
maintaining fluid balance and osmotic pressure.
5. What is the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide?
A. Vitamin A
B. Iodine
C. Iron
D. Calcium
Answer: C
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency globally,
affecting people in both developing and developed countries.
, 6. Which of the following acts as a powerful antioxidant, protecting cell
membranes from oxidative damage?
A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin K
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that prevents the oxidation of
polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes.
7. Why is Vitamin D often referred to as the ‘sunshine vitamin’?
A. It is found in yellow and orange fruits
B. The body can synthesize it when skin is exposed to UV light
C. It provides energy like sunlight
D. It makes skin more sensitive to the sun
Answer: B
Rationale: The body can produce Vitamin D from a cholesterol precursor in the skin when
triggered by ultraviolet B radiation from sunlight.
8. What is the primary function of iodine in the body?
A. Enzyme activation
B. Hemoglobin formation
C. Blood sugar regulation
D. Synthesis of thyroid hormones
Answer: D
Rationale: Iodine is a critical component of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3),
hormones that regulate metabolism.
and Fluid Balance) 2026 |Chamberlain
1. Which of the following vitamins is classified as water-soluble?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin C
Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins are water-soluble, meaning they are not
stored in large amounts in the body and excess is excreted in urine.
2. Which deficiency is characterized by the ‘4 Ds’: dermatitis, dementia,
diarrhea, and death?
A. Niacin deficiency (Pellagra)
B. Thiamine deficiency
C. Riboflavin deficiency
D. Folate deficiency
Answer: A
Rationale: Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of Niacin (Vitamin B3) and is clinically
identified by the four Ds.
,3. A patient with a deficiency in Vitamin K is at increased risk for:
A. Night blindness
B. Neural tube defects
C. Muscle weakness
D. Excessive bleeding
Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors; a deficiency
leads to impaired coagulation and hemorrhage.
4. Which mineral is the primary regulator of extracellular fluid volume?
A. Potassium
B. Magnesium
C. Sodium
D. Calcium
Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium is the major cation in extracellular fluid and plays a key role in
maintaining fluid balance and osmotic pressure.
5. What is the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide?
A. Vitamin A
B. Iodine
C. Iron
D. Calcium
Answer: C
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency globally,
affecting people in both developing and developed countries.
, 6. Which of the following acts as a powerful antioxidant, protecting cell
membranes from oxidative damage?
A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin K
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that prevents the oxidation of
polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes.
7. Why is Vitamin D often referred to as the ‘sunshine vitamin’?
A. It is found in yellow and orange fruits
B. The body can synthesize it when skin is exposed to UV light
C. It provides energy like sunlight
D. It makes skin more sensitive to the sun
Answer: B
Rationale: The body can produce Vitamin D from a cholesterol precursor in the skin when
triggered by ultraviolet B radiation from sunlight.
8. What is the primary function of iodine in the body?
A. Enzyme activation
B. Hemoglobin formation
C. Blood sugar regulation
D. Synthesis of thyroid hormones
Answer: D
Rationale: Iodine is a critical component of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3),
hormones that regulate metabolism.
