NR 228: Nutrition, Health & Wellness - Nutrition in Chronic Disease
Quiz 2026 |Chamberlain
1. Which diet is specifically designed to lower blood pressure and emphasizes
fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy?
A. The Keto Diet
B. The Paleo Diet
C. The DASH Diet
D. The Atkins Diet
Answer: C
Rationale: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet focuses on reducing
sodium and increasing potassium, magnesium, and calcium to lower blood pressure.
2. In the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet, what is the recommended
limit for saturated fat as a percentage of total calories?
A. Less than 10%
B. Less than 15%
C. Less than 20%
D. Less than 7%
Answer: D
Rationale: The TLC diet recommends limiting saturated fat to less than 7% of total daily
calories to help lower LDL cholesterol levels.
,3. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is taught carb counting. How many grams of
carbohydrate are generally considered as one carbohydrate serving?
A. 5 grams
B. 15 grams
C. 30 grams
D. 45 grams
Answer: B
Rationale: In carbohydrate counting, one serving of a carbohydrate-containing food is
standardized to contain approximately 15 grams of carbohydrate.
4. Which type of fiber is specifically known for its ability to lower blood
cholesterol levels?
A. Soluble fiber
B. Cellulose
C. Insoluble fiber
D. Lignin
Answer: A
Rationale: Soluble fiber binds to bile acids in the digestive tract, which helps the body
excrete cholesterol, thereby lowering blood LDL levels.
5. For a patient with Heart Failure, what is the primary reason for a sodium-
restricted diet?
A. To reduce fluid retention and edema
B. To improve heart rate
C. To prevent vitamin K deficiency
D. To increase myocardial contractility
Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium holds onto water; restricting sodium intake helps minimize fluid
retention, which reduces the workload on a failing heart.
, 6. What is the target Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level for most non-pregnant
adults with diabetes to reduce the risk of chronic complications?
A. Less than 9%
B. Less than 8%
C. Less than 5%
D. Less than 7%
Answer: D
Rationale: An HbA1c level of less than 7% is the standard target for managing diabetes
and preventing long-term vascular complications.
7. Which of the following is a primary characteristic of the Mediterranean Diet?
A. High intake of red meat
B. Frequent consumption of processed sweets
C. Low intake of legumes and nuts
D. High intake of monounsaturated fats like olive oil
Answer: D
Rationale: The Mediterranean diet is characterized by high consumption of healthy fats
(olive oil), plant-based foods, and moderate fish intake.
8. A patient in Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) should typically follow
which protein recommendation?
A. No protein restriction is necessary
B. High protein intake of 1.5 g/kg/day
C. Protein restriction to 0.6–0.8 g/kg/day
D. Protein intake of 2.0 g/kg/day
Answer: C
Rationale: In Stage 3 CKD, protein intake is often restricted to 0.6–0.8 g/kg/day to slow
the progression of kidney damage and reduce nitrogenous waste.
Quiz 2026 |Chamberlain
1. Which diet is specifically designed to lower blood pressure and emphasizes
fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy?
A. The Keto Diet
B. The Paleo Diet
C. The DASH Diet
D. The Atkins Diet
Answer: C
Rationale: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet focuses on reducing
sodium and increasing potassium, magnesium, and calcium to lower blood pressure.
2. In the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet, what is the recommended
limit for saturated fat as a percentage of total calories?
A. Less than 10%
B. Less than 15%
C. Less than 20%
D. Less than 7%
Answer: D
Rationale: The TLC diet recommends limiting saturated fat to less than 7% of total daily
calories to help lower LDL cholesterol levels.
,3. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is taught carb counting. How many grams of
carbohydrate are generally considered as one carbohydrate serving?
A. 5 grams
B. 15 grams
C. 30 grams
D. 45 grams
Answer: B
Rationale: In carbohydrate counting, one serving of a carbohydrate-containing food is
standardized to contain approximately 15 grams of carbohydrate.
4. Which type of fiber is specifically known for its ability to lower blood
cholesterol levels?
A. Soluble fiber
B. Cellulose
C. Insoluble fiber
D. Lignin
Answer: A
Rationale: Soluble fiber binds to bile acids in the digestive tract, which helps the body
excrete cholesterol, thereby lowering blood LDL levels.
5. For a patient with Heart Failure, what is the primary reason for a sodium-
restricted diet?
A. To reduce fluid retention and edema
B. To improve heart rate
C. To prevent vitamin K deficiency
D. To increase myocardial contractility
Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium holds onto water; restricting sodium intake helps minimize fluid
retention, which reduces the workload on a failing heart.
, 6. What is the target Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level for most non-pregnant
adults with diabetes to reduce the risk of chronic complications?
A. Less than 9%
B. Less than 8%
C. Less than 5%
D. Less than 7%
Answer: D
Rationale: An HbA1c level of less than 7% is the standard target for managing diabetes
and preventing long-term vascular complications.
7. Which of the following is a primary characteristic of the Mediterranean Diet?
A. High intake of red meat
B. Frequent consumption of processed sweets
C. Low intake of legumes and nuts
D. High intake of monounsaturated fats like olive oil
Answer: D
Rationale: The Mediterranean diet is characterized by high consumption of healthy fats
(olive oil), plant-based foods, and moderate fish intake.
8. A patient in Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) should typically follow
which protein recommendation?
A. No protein restriction is necessary
B. High protein intake of 1.5 g/kg/day
C. Protein restriction to 0.6–0.8 g/kg/day
D. Protein intake of 2.0 g/kg/day
Answer: C
Rationale: In Stage 3 CKD, protein intake is often restricted to 0.6–0.8 g/kg/day to slow
the progression of kidney damage and reduce nitrogenous waste.
