CLTM EVALUATION EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔In decorticate posturing, the arms will - ✔✔flex over the chest and rotate inward
✔✔Stereognosis - ✔✔Ability to recognize objects by touch.
✔✔Graphesthesia - ✔✔Ability to recognize numbers and letters 'written' on skin by the
sensation of touch
✔✔What is the first-line treatment for absence epilepsy? - ✔✔Ethosuximide (Brand
name: Zarontin)
✔✔The first-line of treatment option for infantile spasms is - ✔✔ACTH (aka =
Adrenocorticotropic hormone)
*Vigabatrin is also used for infantile spasms and may be effective in cases that are
resistant to ACTH
✔✔What are antiseizure medication option for focal onset seizures? - ✔✔First line ASM:
Carbamazepine (Brand name: Cabatrol/Tegretol/Epitol/Equetro)
Gabapentin (Brand name: Neurontin, Gralise)
Lacosamine (Brand name: Vimpat)
✔✔The first line antiseizure medication options for generalized tonic-clonic seizures are:
- ✔✔Carbamazepine (brand: Epitol, Tegretol)
Ethotoin (brand: Peganone)
Phenytoin(brand: Dilantin)
Primidone (brand: Mysoline)
✔✔Describe hemispherectomy and its indication - ✔✔Large parts of one hemisphere
are excised and the two hemispheres are disconnected
Usually performed in children/adolescents with severe refractory epilepsy due to
extensive damage in one hemisphere (e.g perinatal stroke, hemimegencephalphy,
Sturge-Weber, Rasmussen's encephalitis)
✔✔What drug is one of the first and oldest antiseizure medications, still used in the
treatment of epilepsy, and is a long-acting sedative drug with anticonvulsant action? -
✔✔Phenobarbital
✔✔What type of seizure is the antiseizure medication Oxcarbazepine used to treat?
(Brand names: Trileptal) - ✔✔All types of focal onset seizures
, ✔✔The first line antiseizure medication option for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is -
✔✔Valproic acid
✔✔What antiseizure medication is used to treat seizures that occur in the temporal
lobe? - ✔✔Carbamazepine (Brand names: Carbatrol/Tegretol/Epitol/Equetro)
✔✔Indications for Corpus Callosotomy - ✔✔Refractory generalized seizures (tonic,
clonic, atonic), resistance to AED therapy, and cognitive decline. Infantile hemiplegia
and frontal lobe epilepsy, Rasmussen syndrome. Primary indications have been drop
attacks (tonic, atonic) and in treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
✔✔What are some EEG changes associated with normal aging - ✔✔Slowing of
posterior dominant rhythm, increase in temporal slowing, bursts of generalized rhythmic
delta activity during drowsiness, diffuse lower voltage
✔✔Trace discontinu which appears in a 42 week conceptional age neonate is
considered? - ✔✔Abnormal
Trace discontinu is the defining feature of quiet sleep first emerging around 28 weeks
PMA.
By 37-40 weeks, trace alternant fully replaces trace discontinu
✔✔What is the recommended minimum length of continuous EEG recording for
neonates at high risk for seizures? - ✔✔24 hours, continuing until seizure-free for 24
hours
✔✔When monitoring neonates, modified placement of which electrodes allows the best
visualization of background activity? - ✔✔Frontopolar electrodes
Neonates lack cerebral activity in extreme frontopolar regions. Fp3 and Fp4 are
sometimes used instead of Fp1 and Fp2
✔✔At what age do most children reach a PDR of 8 Hz? - ✔✔36 months aka 3 years old
✔✔What is the most common cause of seizures in neonates? - ✔✔Hypoxic-ischemic
encephalopathy (HIE)
✔✔What is the fastest growing epilepsy population? - ✔✔elderly
✔✔At what conceptional age do active (REM) and quiet (non-REM) stages of sleep
begin to emerge in the EEG of neonates?
1. Less than 29 weeks
2. 30-32 weeks
3. 33-34 weeks
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔In decorticate posturing, the arms will - ✔✔flex over the chest and rotate inward
✔✔Stereognosis - ✔✔Ability to recognize objects by touch.
✔✔Graphesthesia - ✔✔Ability to recognize numbers and letters 'written' on skin by the
sensation of touch
✔✔What is the first-line treatment for absence epilepsy? - ✔✔Ethosuximide (Brand
name: Zarontin)
✔✔The first-line of treatment option for infantile spasms is - ✔✔ACTH (aka =
Adrenocorticotropic hormone)
*Vigabatrin is also used for infantile spasms and may be effective in cases that are
resistant to ACTH
✔✔What are antiseizure medication option for focal onset seizures? - ✔✔First line ASM:
Carbamazepine (Brand name: Cabatrol/Tegretol/Epitol/Equetro)
Gabapentin (Brand name: Neurontin, Gralise)
Lacosamine (Brand name: Vimpat)
✔✔The first line antiseizure medication options for generalized tonic-clonic seizures are:
- ✔✔Carbamazepine (brand: Epitol, Tegretol)
Ethotoin (brand: Peganone)
Phenytoin(brand: Dilantin)
Primidone (brand: Mysoline)
✔✔Describe hemispherectomy and its indication - ✔✔Large parts of one hemisphere
are excised and the two hemispheres are disconnected
Usually performed in children/adolescents with severe refractory epilepsy due to
extensive damage in one hemisphere (e.g perinatal stroke, hemimegencephalphy,
Sturge-Weber, Rasmussen's encephalitis)
✔✔What drug is one of the first and oldest antiseizure medications, still used in the
treatment of epilepsy, and is a long-acting sedative drug with anticonvulsant action? -
✔✔Phenobarbital
✔✔What type of seizure is the antiseizure medication Oxcarbazepine used to treat?
(Brand names: Trileptal) - ✔✔All types of focal onset seizures
, ✔✔The first line antiseizure medication option for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is -
✔✔Valproic acid
✔✔What antiseizure medication is used to treat seizures that occur in the temporal
lobe? - ✔✔Carbamazepine (Brand names: Carbatrol/Tegretol/Epitol/Equetro)
✔✔Indications for Corpus Callosotomy - ✔✔Refractory generalized seizures (tonic,
clonic, atonic), resistance to AED therapy, and cognitive decline. Infantile hemiplegia
and frontal lobe epilepsy, Rasmussen syndrome. Primary indications have been drop
attacks (tonic, atonic) and in treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
✔✔What are some EEG changes associated with normal aging - ✔✔Slowing of
posterior dominant rhythm, increase in temporal slowing, bursts of generalized rhythmic
delta activity during drowsiness, diffuse lower voltage
✔✔Trace discontinu which appears in a 42 week conceptional age neonate is
considered? - ✔✔Abnormal
Trace discontinu is the defining feature of quiet sleep first emerging around 28 weeks
PMA.
By 37-40 weeks, trace alternant fully replaces trace discontinu
✔✔What is the recommended minimum length of continuous EEG recording for
neonates at high risk for seizures? - ✔✔24 hours, continuing until seizure-free for 24
hours
✔✔When monitoring neonates, modified placement of which electrodes allows the best
visualization of background activity? - ✔✔Frontopolar electrodes
Neonates lack cerebral activity in extreme frontopolar regions. Fp3 and Fp4 are
sometimes used instead of Fp1 and Fp2
✔✔At what age do most children reach a PDR of 8 Hz? - ✔✔36 months aka 3 years old
✔✔What is the most common cause of seizures in neonates? - ✔✔Hypoxic-ischemic
encephalopathy (HIE)
✔✔What is the fastest growing epilepsy population? - ✔✔elderly
✔✔At what conceptional age do active (REM) and quiet (non-REM) stages of sleep
begin to emerge in the EEG of neonates?
1. Less than 29 weeks
2. 30-32 weeks
3. 33-34 weeks
