FOCUS ON NURSING PHARMACOLOGY
REVIEW PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS AND MARKING
SCHEME
◉ A client has a diagnosis of otitis media and has just begun
antibiotic treatment. The client reports otalgia and has asked for
medication. The nurse should anticipate the administration of:
Answer: acetaminophen (Tylenol).
Tylenol is the first-line analgesic for most cases of otalgia
accompanying otitis. Opioids and ketorolac are not normally
indicated.
◉ Streptococcus pneumonia is an example of gram-negative
bacteria.
Answer: False
Streptococcus pneumonia is a gram-positive bacterium.
◉ The nurse knows that pseudomembranous colitis is a
superinfection of fluoroquinolones, especially when they are
,administered in high doses, because these medications have what
effect in the body?
Answer: They disrupt the microbial flora of the body.
Pseudomembranous colitis is a superinfection that occurs when the
antibiotic disrupts the normal flora, causing a secondary infection or
superinfection.
◉ A patient with septicemia is administered cefotaxime sodium
(Claforan). How is this medication excreted?
Answer: It is excreted by the kidneys.
Cefotaxime sodium is excreted by the kidneys. Cefotaxime is not
excreted by the lungs, liver, or skin.
◉ The nurse receives a call from a client who is taking clindamycin
(Cleocin) and reports of a burning feeling when swallowing. The
nurse knows that the client has developed which adverse reaction
related to this medication?
Answer: esophagitis
The client reports esophagitis (an inflammation of the esophagus)
that may be seen in clients taking clindamycin. The pain is in the
client's throat, thus it is not gastritis. It also does not describe
, nausea. Peptic ulcer is not a common adverse reaction to
clindamycin. (less)
◉ The nurse is providing care for a teenager with otitis media. When
assessing the patient for potentially adverse effects of Cortisporin
Otic, what question should the nurse ask?
Answer: "Have you noticed any loss of hearing since you started
taking the drops?"
It is necessary to assess the patient taking Cortisporin Otic for signs
of hearing loss due to ototoxicity. Fever, bleeding, and headaches are
not typical adverse effects.
◉ A patient has been admitted to the intensive care unit with signs
and symptoms of sepsis and preliminary results of the patient's
initial blood cultures reveal the presence of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This finding is an indication for
treatment with?
Answer: daptomycin.
Daptomycin is FDA approved for treatment of bacteremia due to S.
aureus (including MRSA). Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and polymyxin
B are not typically used in cases of MRSA sepsis. (less)
REVIEW PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS AND MARKING
SCHEME
◉ A client has a diagnosis of otitis media and has just begun
antibiotic treatment. The client reports otalgia and has asked for
medication. The nurse should anticipate the administration of:
Answer: acetaminophen (Tylenol).
Tylenol is the first-line analgesic for most cases of otalgia
accompanying otitis. Opioids and ketorolac are not normally
indicated.
◉ Streptococcus pneumonia is an example of gram-negative
bacteria.
Answer: False
Streptococcus pneumonia is a gram-positive bacterium.
◉ The nurse knows that pseudomembranous colitis is a
superinfection of fluoroquinolones, especially when they are
,administered in high doses, because these medications have what
effect in the body?
Answer: They disrupt the microbial flora of the body.
Pseudomembranous colitis is a superinfection that occurs when the
antibiotic disrupts the normal flora, causing a secondary infection or
superinfection.
◉ A patient with septicemia is administered cefotaxime sodium
(Claforan). How is this medication excreted?
Answer: It is excreted by the kidneys.
Cefotaxime sodium is excreted by the kidneys. Cefotaxime is not
excreted by the lungs, liver, or skin.
◉ The nurse receives a call from a client who is taking clindamycin
(Cleocin) and reports of a burning feeling when swallowing. The
nurse knows that the client has developed which adverse reaction
related to this medication?
Answer: esophagitis
The client reports esophagitis (an inflammation of the esophagus)
that may be seen in clients taking clindamycin. The pain is in the
client's throat, thus it is not gastritis. It also does not describe
, nausea. Peptic ulcer is not a common adverse reaction to
clindamycin. (less)
◉ The nurse is providing care for a teenager with otitis media. When
assessing the patient for potentially adverse effects of Cortisporin
Otic, what question should the nurse ask?
Answer: "Have you noticed any loss of hearing since you started
taking the drops?"
It is necessary to assess the patient taking Cortisporin Otic for signs
of hearing loss due to ototoxicity. Fever, bleeding, and headaches are
not typical adverse effects.
◉ A patient has been admitted to the intensive care unit with signs
and symptoms of sepsis and preliminary results of the patient's
initial blood cultures reveal the presence of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This finding is an indication for
treatment with?
Answer: daptomycin.
Daptomycin is FDA approved for treatment of bacteremia due to S.
aureus (including MRSA). Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and polymyxin
B are not typically used in cases of MRSA sepsis. (less)
