BIOD 151 Final Exam A&P – Complete Exam-Style
Questions with Detailed Rationales | 100% Verified – Pass
Guaranteed – A+ Graded
Question 1
A surgeon is planning a procedure to remove a tumor from the left cerebral hemisphere
without affecting the right side. Which anatomical plane should be used to achieve
equal left and right separation?
A. Frontal plane
B. Transverse plane
C. Midsagittal plane
D. Parasagittal plane
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The midsagittal (median) plane divides the body into equal left and right
portions, allowing access to unilateral cerebral structures while preserving contralateral
anatomy. Distractor D (parasagittal) also divides the body into left and right portions but
does not produce equal halves. Distractor A (frontal/coronal) divides the body into
anterior and posterior portions. Distractor B (transverse/horizontal) divides the body
into superior and inferior portions.
Question 2
A patient has a stab wound to the right hypochondriac region of the abdomen. Which
organ is most likely to be injured?
A. Spleen
,B. Liver
C. Appendix
D. Urinary bladder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The right hypochondriac region contains the right lobe of the liver and the
gallbladder, making the liver the most likely organ injured in this quadrant. Distractor A
(spleen) is located in the left hypochondriac region. Distractor C (appendix) is located in
the right iliac region. Distractor D (urinary bladder) is located in the hypogastric region.
Question 3
A patient is diagnosed with peritonitis secondary to a ruptured appendix. Which serous
membrane is primarily inflamed?
A. Parietal pleura
B. Visceral peritoneum
C. Parietal pericardium
D. Pleural cavity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The visceral peritoneum is the serous membrane that directly covers
abdominal organs; inflammation of this membrane secondary to infection or perforation
produces peritonitis. Distractor A (parietal pleura) lines the thoracic cavity and covers
the lungs. Distractor C (parietal pericardium) surrounds the heart. Distractor D is a
potential space, not a membrane.
Question 4
, A cell requires increased ATP production during prolonged exercise. Which organelle
directly increases its aerobic activity to meet this demand?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration and ATP synthesis via
oxidative phosphorylation; during increased metabolic demand, mitochondrial activity
upregulates to generate sufficient ATP. Distractor A (ribosome) synthesizes proteins.
Distractor B (Golgi apparatus) modifies, packages, and ships proteins. Distractor D
(lysosome) digests macromolecules and damaged organelles.
Question 5
A red blood cell is placed in a 3% saline solution. Which outcome is expected?
A. The cell swells and may undergo hemolysis
B. The cell shrinks as water moves out via osmosis
C. No change in cell volume occurs
D. Water moves into the cell along its concentration gradient
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A 3% saline solution is hypertonic relative to intracellular fluid; water moves
out of the cell via osmosis toward the higher solute concentration, causing the red
blood cell to shrink (crenation). Distractor A describes hypotonic solution effects.
Questions with Detailed Rationales | 100% Verified – Pass
Guaranteed – A+ Graded
Question 1
A surgeon is planning a procedure to remove a tumor from the left cerebral hemisphere
without affecting the right side. Which anatomical plane should be used to achieve
equal left and right separation?
A. Frontal plane
B. Transverse plane
C. Midsagittal plane
D. Parasagittal plane
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The midsagittal (median) plane divides the body into equal left and right
portions, allowing access to unilateral cerebral structures while preserving contralateral
anatomy. Distractor D (parasagittal) also divides the body into left and right portions but
does not produce equal halves. Distractor A (frontal/coronal) divides the body into
anterior and posterior portions. Distractor B (transverse/horizontal) divides the body
into superior and inferior portions.
Question 2
A patient has a stab wound to the right hypochondriac region of the abdomen. Which
organ is most likely to be injured?
A. Spleen
,B. Liver
C. Appendix
D. Urinary bladder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The right hypochondriac region contains the right lobe of the liver and the
gallbladder, making the liver the most likely organ injured in this quadrant. Distractor A
(spleen) is located in the left hypochondriac region. Distractor C (appendix) is located in
the right iliac region. Distractor D (urinary bladder) is located in the hypogastric region.
Question 3
A patient is diagnosed with peritonitis secondary to a ruptured appendix. Which serous
membrane is primarily inflamed?
A. Parietal pleura
B. Visceral peritoneum
C. Parietal pericardium
D. Pleural cavity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The visceral peritoneum is the serous membrane that directly covers
abdominal organs; inflammation of this membrane secondary to infection or perforation
produces peritonitis. Distractor A (parietal pleura) lines the thoracic cavity and covers
the lungs. Distractor C (parietal pericardium) surrounds the heart. Distractor D is a
potential space, not a membrane.
Question 4
, A cell requires increased ATP production during prolonged exercise. Which organelle
directly increases its aerobic activity to meet this demand?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration and ATP synthesis via
oxidative phosphorylation; during increased metabolic demand, mitochondrial activity
upregulates to generate sufficient ATP. Distractor A (ribosome) synthesizes proteins.
Distractor B (Golgi apparatus) modifies, packages, and ships proteins. Distractor D
(lysosome) digests macromolecules and damaged organelles.
Question 5
A red blood cell is placed in a 3% saline solution. Which outcome is expected?
A. The cell swells and may undergo hemolysis
B. The cell shrinks as water moves out via osmosis
C. No change in cell volume occurs
D. Water moves into the cell along its concentration gradient
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A 3% saline solution is hypertonic relative to intracellular fluid; water moves
out of the cell via osmosis toward the higher solute concentration, causing the red
blood cell to shrink (crenation). Distractor A describes hypotonic solution effects.
