FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY
Question and Answer 2026 | Complete
Practice Set | Grade A+
• Microbiology. CORRECT ANSWER: study of living organisms too small to be seen
with the naked eye.
• Microbes. CORRECT ANSWER: Ubiquitous, most diverse group of organisms.
• Human microbiome. CORRECT ANSWER: essential for health.
• Pathogenicity. CORRECT ANSWER: potential to cause disease.
• Virulence. CORRECT ANSWER: degree of pathogenicity.
• Nosocomial Infections (HAIs). CORRECT ANSWER: hospital-acquired infections
(MRSA, C. diff, surgical site infections, ventilator pneumonia).
• TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). CORRECT ANSWER: spread by aerosols, Ziehl-
Neelsen stain, healthcare workers use PPE.
• Influenza. CORRECT ANSWER: RNA virus, seasonal epidemics; 1918 pandemic.
• SARS_CoV-2. CORRECT ANSWER: single-stranded RNA virus.
• Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis). CORRECT ANSWER: bioterrorism risk, inhalation
anthrax → pneumonia & death.
• E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC). CORRECT ANSWER: causes bloody diarrhea; strain =
genetic variant of species.
• Semmelweis & Handwashing. CORRECT ANSWER: discovered puerperal fever
prevention (chlorinated lime water). Early infection control.
• Emerging Diseases. CORRECT ANSWER: New diseases (COVID-19, SARS).
• Re-emerging Diseases. CORRECT ANSWER: Old diseases reappearing (TB,
measles).
• Antibiotic resistance. CORRECT ANSWER: rising.
• Carbohydrates. CORRECT ANSWER: Monosaccharides = simple sugars (glucose,
fructose).
Question and Answer 2026 | Complete
Practice Set | Grade A+
• Microbiology. CORRECT ANSWER: study of living organisms too small to be seen
with the naked eye.
• Microbes. CORRECT ANSWER: Ubiquitous, most diverse group of organisms.
• Human microbiome. CORRECT ANSWER: essential for health.
• Pathogenicity. CORRECT ANSWER: potential to cause disease.
• Virulence. CORRECT ANSWER: degree of pathogenicity.
• Nosocomial Infections (HAIs). CORRECT ANSWER: hospital-acquired infections
(MRSA, C. diff, surgical site infections, ventilator pneumonia).
• TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). CORRECT ANSWER: spread by aerosols, Ziehl-
Neelsen stain, healthcare workers use PPE.
• Influenza. CORRECT ANSWER: RNA virus, seasonal epidemics; 1918 pandemic.
• SARS_CoV-2. CORRECT ANSWER: single-stranded RNA virus.
• Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis). CORRECT ANSWER: bioterrorism risk, inhalation
anthrax → pneumonia & death.
• E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC). CORRECT ANSWER: causes bloody diarrhea; strain =
genetic variant of species.
• Semmelweis & Handwashing. CORRECT ANSWER: discovered puerperal fever
prevention (chlorinated lime water). Early infection control.
• Emerging Diseases. CORRECT ANSWER: New diseases (COVID-19, SARS).
• Re-emerging Diseases. CORRECT ANSWER: Old diseases reappearing (TB,
measles).
• Antibiotic resistance. CORRECT ANSWER: rising.
• Carbohydrates. CORRECT ANSWER: Monosaccharides = simple sugars (glucose,
fructose).