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Samenvatting Chemie - Theorie

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De gehele cursus is samengevat met een duidelijke opbouw

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Samenvattingen Chemie




Hogent 2020-2021




1

,Inhoud
Inleiding 5
Periodiek systeem “de tabel van Mendeleev” 5
Belangrijke chemische elementen (best uit hoofd kennen) 6
Materie 6
Atomen en moleculen 6
Formules 7
Chemische reacties vs fysische reactie 7
Atoombouw 7
Valentie-elektronen (VE) 7
Octetregel 8
Elektronegativiteit (EN) 8
Soorten chemische bindingen 8
Oplosbaarheid 9
Zuren en basen 9
Zuurtegraad (pH) 9
Mineralen 10
Chemisch rekenen 11
Organische chemie / koolstofchemie 13
Het koolstof atoom C 13
Weergave organische molecule 13
Functionele groepen 14
Alkanen 15
Alkenen 15
Alkynen 15
Organische nevenbestanddelen 17
Molecule = 3D structuur 17
Vetten (primair) 17
Suikers (primair) 17
Monosacharides 18
Disachariden 19
Polysacharide 20
Zetmeel (primair) 20
Looistoffen (secundair) 21
Kleurstoffen 21
Organische bestandsdelen 22


2

, Celtypes 22
Opbouw celwand 23
Cellulose 24
Cellulose-biosynthese 25
Hemicellulose 26
Monosachariden die vaak in hout voorkomen (herkennen) 26
Hemicellulose zachthout (naaldhout) 26
Hemicellulose hardhout (loofhout) 27
Pectine polysachariden 27
Cellulose vs hemicellulose 27
Naaldhout vs loofhout 28
Lignine 29
Lignocellulose 30
Houtsterkte 31
Types stress 31
Spanning-rekdiagram 32
Onder proportionele limiet – afschuifspanning 32
Onder proportionele limiet – trekspanning 33
Boven proportionele limiet 33
Factoren die sterkte beïnvloeden 33
Houtpulp en papierindustrie 34
Proces 34
Hardhout vs zachthout 34
Mechanisch pulpen vs chemisch pulpen 34
Hout gebaseerde platen 35
Urea-formaldehyde 35
REACH 35
Houtduurzaamheid 37
Spinthout 37
Natuurlijke duurzaamheidsklassen (NEN-EN 350-2) 37
Duurzaamheid tegen schimmels bij grondcontact 37
Duurzaamheid tegen insecten (dierlijke organismen) 37
Risicoklassen 37
Wanneer verduurzaming 38
Verduurzamingsmethodes 38
Hittebehandeling 38

3

, Acetylering 38
Furfuryleringstechnologie 38
Chemische verduurzaming 38
Technieken 40
Begrippen 41
Formularium 42




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Written in
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