ONS ONCC CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY
2026 EXAMS TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Common CYP17 inhibitors - ✔✔Abiraterone
Orteronel
✔✔Adrenolytic agents MOA - ✔✔Suppress testicular and adrenal steroidogenesis,
rapidly reducing testosterone levels
✔✔Define ligand - ✔✔Molecule that binds to a receptor to exert a biologic effect
✔✔Define ligand bonding - ✔✔Process by which ligand attaches to specific receptor
site and activates receptor, activating the signaling pathway
✔✔Define dimerization - ✔✔2 monomers that are side-by-side on cell surface are
paired and activated by a ligand, which causes a series of signals
✔✔Define kinase - ✔✔Enzyme that adds phosphates to other molecules, causing other
molecules in the cell to become either active or inactive
✔✔Define phosphorylation - ✔✔Activation of a chemical process to initiate signaling
✔✔Targeted therapies work by: - ✔✔1. Blocking angiogenesis
2. Blocking signals inside or outside the cell
3. Delivering toxic substances to the cell
4. Simulating the body's immune system
✔✔Immunotherapy works by the following 3 ways: - ✔✔1. Stopping or slowing the
growth of cancer cells
2. Stopping cancer cells from spreading to other parts of the body
3. Helping the immune system recognize cancer cells and increase its effectiveness at
eliminating cancer cells
, ✔✔What sets immunotherapy apart from traditional chemotherapy? - ✔✔Highly specific
Trained to remember cancer cells
✔✔Immunotherapy categories: - ✔✔Passive
Aggressive
Specific
Nonspecific
✔✔Passive immunotherapy MOA - ✔✔Administered to initiate an antitumor effect
*Do not result in any immunologic memory
✔✔Examples of passive immunotherapy - ✔✔Monoclonal antibodies
Cytokines
✔✔Active immunotherapy MOA - ✔✔Mount an immune response against tumor
*Should remember cancer cells long after treatment has stopped
✔✔Examples of active immunotherapy - ✔✔Cancer vaccines
✔✔Specific immunotherapy MOA - ✔✔Target tumor markers or tumor-associated
antigens (TAAs) to kill cancer cells
✔✔Examples of specific immunotherapy - ✔✔mAbs
Cancer vaccines
✔✔Nonspecific immunotherapy MOA - ✔✔Stimulate a large immune response
*Given adjuvantly to other anticancer treatment drugs
✔✔Examples of nonspecific immunotherapy - ✔✔Cytokines, interleukins, checkpoint
inhibitors
✔✔6 main types of immunotherapy - ✔✔1. Monoclonal antibodies
2. Immune checkpoint inhibitors
3. Cancer vaccines
4. Nonspecific immunotherapies
5. Adoptive cell therapy (CAR T-cell therapy)
6. Oncolytic virus therapy
✔✔mAbs MOA - ✔✔Mark cancer cell surface receptor/antigen to make the cell visible to
the immune system to destroy
✔✔Different types of mAbs used in treatment of cancer - ✔✔Naked mAbs
2026 EXAMS TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Common CYP17 inhibitors - ✔✔Abiraterone
Orteronel
✔✔Adrenolytic agents MOA - ✔✔Suppress testicular and adrenal steroidogenesis,
rapidly reducing testosterone levels
✔✔Define ligand - ✔✔Molecule that binds to a receptor to exert a biologic effect
✔✔Define ligand bonding - ✔✔Process by which ligand attaches to specific receptor
site and activates receptor, activating the signaling pathway
✔✔Define dimerization - ✔✔2 monomers that are side-by-side on cell surface are
paired and activated by a ligand, which causes a series of signals
✔✔Define kinase - ✔✔Enzyme that adds phosphates to other molecules, causing other
molecules in the cell to become either active or inactive
✔✔Define phosphorylation - ✔✔Activation of a chemical process to initiate signaling
✔✔Targeted therapies work by: - ✔✔1. Blocking angiogenesis
2. Blocking signals inside or outside the cell
3. Delivering toxic substances to the cell
4. Simulating the body's immune system
✔✔Immunotherapy works by the following 3 ways: - ✔✔1. Stopping or slowing the
growth of cancer cells
2. Stopping cancer cells from spreading to other parts of the body
3. Helping the immune system recognize cancer cells and increase its effectiveness at
eliminating cancer cells
, ✔✔What sets immunotherapy apart from traditional chemotherapy? - ✔✔Highly specific
Trained to remember cancer cells
✔✔Immunotherapy categories: - ✔✔Passive
Aggressive
Specific
Nonspecific
✔✔Passive immunotherapy MOA - ✔✔Administered to initiate an antitumor effect
*Do not result in any immunologic memory
✔✔Examples of passive immunotherapy - ✔✔Monoclonal antibodies
Cytokines
✔✔Active immunotherapy MOA - ✔✔Mount an immune response against tumor
*Should remember cancer cells long after treatment has stopped
✔✔Examples of active immunotherapy - ✔✔Cancer vaccines
✔✔Specific immunotherapy MOA - ✔✔Target tumor markers or tumor-associated
antigens (TAAs) to kill cancer cells
✔✔Examples of specific immunotherapy - ✔✔mAbs
Cancer vaccines
✔✔Nonspecific immunotherapy MOA - ✔✔Stimulate a large immune response
*Given adjuvantly to other anticancer treatment drugs
✔✔Examples of nonspecific immunotherapy - ✔✔Cytokines, interleukins, checkpoint
inhibitors
✔✔6 main types of immunotherapy - ✔✔1. Monoclonal antibodies
2. Immune checkpoint inhibitors
3. Cancer vaccines
4. Nonspecific immunotherapies
5. Adoptive cell therapy (CAR T-cell therapy)
6. Oncolytic virus therapy
✔✔mAbs MOA - ✔✔Mark cancer cell surface receptor/antigen to make the cell visible to
the immune system to destroy
✔✔Different types of mAbs used in treatment of cancer - ✔✔Naked mAbs
