ONS ONCC CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY
REVIEW EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔How targeted therapy and chemo differ - ✔✔-targeted therapies act on specific
molecular targets on or within the cells that are associated with cancer, whereas
standard chemo act on all rapidly dividing cells
-chemo has more SEs
-targeted therapy ae chosen and designed to interact with their target on or within the
cells, whereas chemo were IDed becaused they kill cells
-targeted therapies are often cytostatic (they block tumor cell proliferation) whereas
chemo agents are cytotoxic (kill tumor cells)
✔✔Goals of targeted therapy - ✔✔-disease cure when used as primary or adjuvant
therapy
-improving overall response or increase disease-free survival when used in combination
with conventional therapies
-controlling or stabilizing disease
-maintaining or enhancing quality of life
-decreasing the severity of toxicities from other therapies
✔✔Receptor - ✔✔-molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific
substance causes a specific effect in that cell
✔✔Monomer - ✔✔molecule that can join with other identical monomers to form a
structure called a polymer
, ✔✔Ligand - ✔✔a substance that forms a complex with another biomolecule to exert a
biologic effect
✔✔Ligand Binding - ✔✔process by which the ligand attaches to a specific receptor site
and activates that receptor, activating the signaling pathway
✔✔Dimerization - ✔✔two monomers that are side-by-side on the surface of the cell are
paired and activated by a ligand, which causes a series of signals
✔✔Kinase - ✔✔type of enzyme that adds chemicals called phosphates to other
molecules such as sugars or proteins causing other molecules in the cell to become
either active or inactive
✔✔phosphorylation - ✔✔activation of a chemical process to initiate signaling
✔✔targeted therapies work by doing the following - ✔✔1. blocking angiogenesis
2. blocking signals inside or outside the cell
3. delivering toxic substances to the cell
4. stimulating the body's immune system
✔✔BCR/ABL - ✔✔-fusion protein tyrosine kinase formed with a gene translocation
occurs between gene 9 and 22
-gene abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome seen in CML and ALL
✔✔VEGF - ✔✔this is the primary angiogenic factor produced by cells
✔✔mTOR - ✔✔-target of rapamycin
-a protein that tells cells when to grow, divide, and survive
✔✔Two ways that angiogenesis inhibitors work - ✔✔1. some intergere with action of
VEGF which stimulates n ew blood vessel formation
2. others target their molecules that stimulate new blood vessel growth
✔✔Small Molecule Compound Targeted Therapies - ✔✔-end in -ib
-targets located inside the cell because these gents are able to enter cells more easily
-intracellular
REVIEW EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔How targeted therapy and chemo differ - ✔✔-targeted therapies act on specific
molecular targets on or within the cells that are associated with cancer, whereas
standard chemo act on all rapidly dividing cells
-chemo has more SEs
-targeted therapy ae chosen and designed to interact with their target on or within the
cells, whereas chemo were IDed becaused they kill cells
-targeted therapies are often cytostatic (they block tumor cell proliferation) whereas
chemo agents are cytotoxic (kill tumor cells)
✔✔Goals of targeted therapy - ✔✔-disease cure when used as primary or adjuvant
therapy
-improving overall response or increase disease-free survival when used in combination
with conventional therapies
-controlling or stabilizing disease
-maintaining or enhancing quality of life
-decreasing the severity of toxicities from other therapies
✔✔Receptor - ✔✔-molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific
substance causes a specific effect in that cell
✔✔Monomer - ✔✔molecule that can join with other identical monomers to form a
structure called a polymer
, ✔✔Ligand - ✔✔a substance that forms a complex with another biomolecule to exert a
biologic effect
✔✔Ligand Binding - ✔✔process by which the ligand attaches to a specific receptor site
and activates that receptor, activating the signaling pathway
✔✔Dimerization - ✔✔two monomers that are side-by-side on the surface of the cell are
paired and activated by a ligand, which causes a series of signals
✔✔Kinase - ✔✔type of enzyme that adds chemicals called phosphates to other
molecules such as sugars or proteins causing other molecules in the cell to become
either active or inactive
✔✔phosphorylation - ✔✔activation of a chemical process to initiate signaling
✔✔targeted therapies work by doing the following - ✔✔1. blocking angiogenesis
2. blocking signals inside or outside the cell
3. delivering toxic substances to the cell
4. stimulating the body's immune system
✔✔BCR/ABL - ✔✔-fusion protein tyrosine kinase formed with a gene translocation
occurs between gene 9 and 22
-gene abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome seen in CML and ALL
✔✔VEGF - ✔✔this is the primary angiogenic factor produced by cells
✔✔mTOR - ✔✔-target of rapamycin
-a protein that tells cells when to grow, divide, and survive
✔✔Two ways that angiogenesis inhibitors work - ✔✔1. some intergere with action of
VEGF which stimulates n ew blood vessel formation
2. others target their molecules that stimulate new blood vessel growth
✔✔Small Molecule Compound Targeted Therapies - ✔✔-end in -ib
-targets located inside the cell because these gents are able to enter cells more easily
-intracellular
