JOURNEYMAN BEEKEEPING 2026 MAIN CORE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
=
✔✔1. Strengthen the colony with clean food
2. Strengthen the colony with more bees
3. Re-queening the colony may remedy the situation - ✔✔Because sacbrood is a viral
disease, giving medication is ineffective.
Sometimes bees remove the diseased larvae quickly. But even then, the disease can
spread quickly.
What steps can a beekeeper take to help the colony in its recovery?
✔✔Dust and/or Microencapsulated - ✔✔1. PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE QUESTION
BEFORE BEGINNING TO ANSWER.
When referencing PESTICIDES, the FORMULATION of the product being used should
be a primary interest to beekeepers. Depending on what form the product is in, can
make a large difference to a beekeeper; what preparations need to be taken to protect
the colonies, how much concern etc. Knowledge is power to effect outcome.
By definition FORMULATION (pesticide) is
"The pesticide product as purchased; containing one or more active ingredients, inert
carriers, & other additives; diluted (not necessarily in water) for safety and ease of
application."
The FORUMULATION will determine how the pesticide will applied, in addition to the
size and impact of the product itself.
Since how a pesticide is applied can have a tremendous impact on whether your bees
will be harmed or not, this is something you should be aware of.
The following is a true and realistic list of Common Pesticide Formulations. You truly do
not need to know all of these. However, there are TWO that are well known to be
harmful to bees. These two, you should know.
,FROM THE FOLLOWING LIST - WHICH TWO ARE CONSIDERED TO BE THE MOST
HAZARDOUS TO HONEY BEES BASED ON THE FORMULATION?
• Pellets and/or Granules
• Flowables and/or Liquids
• Gels and/or Aerosols
• Dust and/or Microencapsulated
• Solutions and/or Emulsifiable Concentrates
• Soluable Granules and/or Water-dispesrible granules
• Baits and/or ready-to-use
• Concentrates and/or Solutions
• Dry Flowables and/or Ultra Low Volumes
• Wettable Powders and/or Water Soluable Powders or Packets
✔✔polyethism - ✔✔division of labor within a colony of social insects is called...
✔✔The term "phoretic" is an adjective descriptive of the term "phoresy" which is an
association between two species, where one transports the other. In the case of varroa
and honey bees, the varroa hitch a ride on adult bees. This can only occur for ADULT
FEMALE VARROA mites since the males die within the cells in which they were born;
and within which they bred with their female sisters. - ✔✔Male varroa mites are never
"phoretic".
Why is this?
✔✔Juvenile Hormone is secreted in an insect brain (in the corpora allata). It functions in
conjunction with ecdysone It regulates larval molt to the next stage In adults, it functions
in egg maturing; queen longevity; and especially notable - Worker Behavior Sequence
(duties at different ages of life) - ✔✔Describe Juvenile Hormone (JH)
What is it?
Where does it come from?
How does it effect the colony and individual bees?
✔✔The worker bees detect these diploid drones as young larvae, while still alive. Within
a few hours after the eggs eclose to the larval stage, the workers eat them (cannibalize
them) - ✔✔In rare cases of inbreeding, a drone may develop from a fertilized egg;
having inherited 2 sets of chromosomes, one from each parent -giving it both a mother
AND a father.
These are referred to as "diploid drones".
What is the reaction to these diploid drones by the workers in the hive?
, ✔✔It is the mouth-to-mouth exchange of regurgitated food (liquid food) or glandular
secretions. The EXHANGE OF NECTAR. - ✔✔Define the activity of worker bees that is
meant by the word
Trophallaxis.
✔✔eclose - ✔✔______________ is the correct term for the emergence of an adult
insect from a pupal case; or an insect larva from an egg - without rupture or covering
membrane. It is often incorrectly termed "hatching".
✔✔Nest usurpation is a type of social parasitism, in which a small African swarm
invades a European colony and replaces the resident European queen. This results in
the immediate loss of the European matriline. - ✔✔Describe "nest usurpation"
✔✔hamuli - ✔✔The bees can unhook their fore and aft wings so that they can flex the
muscles in their thorax more rapidly to make heat.
WHAT is the correct terminology for the "Velcro"-like hooks that holds the fore and aft
wings together?
✔✔diutinus bees - ✔✔a direct quote from http://scientificbeekeeping.com/the-economy-
of-the-hive-part-1/..... presents us with the concept and understanding that:
"The molecular basis of polyethism involves nutrition, pheromones, immune function,
and the aging of bees—the understanding of which allows us to grasp how the colony
"thinks and decides," why it thrives or gets sick, and how we can better practice good
bee husbandry.
"Resting" bees are commonly referred to as "winter" bees. However, Mauritzio (1954)
found that one could induce the formation of "winter" bees even during the summer by
restricting the queen from producing brood.
This adaptive shift to extended longevity is a response to the cessation of pollen income
into the colony (Mattila and Otis 2007 ), which "tells" the younger bees in the colony to
conserve protein and hunker down for a while."
THE QUESTION:
What is the technical term for these resting bees?
(sometimes used to describe "winter bees" )
• drosphilia bees
• diutinus bees
• clustering bees
• lazy bees
• vitellogenetic
✔✔True - ✔✔True or False?
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
=
✔✔1. Strengthen the colony with clean food
2. Strengthen the colony with more bees
3. Re-queening the colony may remedy the situation - ✔✔Because sacbrood is a viral
disease, giving medication is ineffective.
Sometimes bees remove the diseased larvae quickly. But even then, the disease can
spread quickly.
What steps can a beekeeper take to help the colony in its recovery?
✔✔Dust and/or Microencapsulated - ✔✔1. PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE QUESTION
BEFORE BEGINNING TO ANSWER.
When referencing PESTICIDES, the FORMULATION of the product being used should
be a primary interest to beekeepers. Depending on what form the product is in, can
make a large difference to a beekeeper; what preparations need to be taken to protect
the colonies, how much concern etc. Knowledge is power to effect outcome.
By definition FORMULATION (pesticide) is
"The pesticide product as purchased; containing one or more active ingredients, inert
carriers, & other additives; diluted (not necessarily in water) for safety and ease of
application."
The FORUMULATION will determine how the pesticide will applied, in addition to the
size and impact of the product itself.
Since how a pesticide is applied can have a tremendous impact on whether your bees
will be harmed or not, this is something you should be aware of.
The following is a true and realistic list of Common Pesticide Formulations. You truly do
not need to know all of these. However, there are TWO that are well known to be
harmful to bees. These two, you should know.
,FROM THE FOLLOWING LIST - WHICH TWO ARE CONSIDERED TO BE THE MOST
HAZARDOUS TO HONEY BEES BASED ON THE FORMULATION?
• Pellets and/or Granules
• Flowables and/or Liquids
• Gels and/or Aerosols
• Dust and/or Microencapsulated
• Solutions and/or Emulsifiable Concentrates
• Soluable Granules and/or Water-dispesrible granules
• Baits and/or ready-to-use
• Concentrates and/or Solutions
• Dry Flowables and/or Ultra Low Volumes
• Wettable Powders and/or Water Soluable Powders or Packets
✔✔polyethism - ✔✔division of labor within a colony of social insects is called...
✔✔The term "phoretic" is an adjective descriptive of the term "phoresy" which is an
association between two species, where one transports the other. In the case of varroa
and honey bees, the varroa hitch a ride on adult bees. This can only occur for ADULT
FEMALE VARROA mites since the males die within the cells in which they were born;
and within which they bred with their female sisters. - ✔✔Male varroa mites are never
"phoretic".
Why is this?
✔✔Juvenile Hormone is secreted in an insect brain (in the corpora allata). It functions in
conjunction with ecdysone It regulates larval molt to the next stage In adults, it functions
in egg maturing; queen longevity; and especially notable - Worker Behavior Sequence
(duties at different ages of life) - ✔✔Describe Juvenile Hormone (JH)
What is it?
Where does it come from?
How does it effect the colony and individual bees?
✔✔The worker bees detect these diploid drones as young larvae, while still alive. Within
a few hours after the eggs eclose to the larval stage, the workers eat them (cannibalize
them) - ✔✔In rare cases of inbreeding, a drone may develop from a fertilized egg;
having inherited 2 sets of chromosomes, one from each parent -giving it both a mother
AND a father.
These are referred to as "diploid drones".
What is the reaction to these diploid drones by the workers in the hive?
, ✔✔It is the mouth-to-mouth exchange of regurgitated food (liquid food) or glandular
secretions. The EXHANGE OF NECTAR. - ✔✔Define the activity of worker bees that is
meant by the word
Trophallaxis.
✔✔eclose - ✔✔______________ is the correct term for the emergence of an adult
insect from a pupal case; or an insect larva from an egg - without rupture or covering
membrane. It is often incorrectly termed "hatching".
✔✔Nest usurpation is a type of social parasitism, in which a small African swarm
invades a European colony and replaces the resident European queen. This results in
the immediate loss of the European matriline. - ✔✔Describe "nest usurpation"
✔✔hamuli - ✔✔The bees can unhook their fore and aft wings so that they can flex the
muscles in their thorax more rapidly to make heat.
WHAT is the correct terminology for the "Velcro"-like hooks that holds the fore and aft
wings together?
✔✔diutinus bees - ✔✔a direct quote from http://scientificbeekeeping.com/the-economy-
of-the-hive-part-1/..... presents us with the concept and understanding that:
"The molecular basis of polyethism involves nutrition, pheromones, immune function,
and the aging of bees—the understanding of which allows us to grasp how the colony
"thinks and decides," why it thrives or gets sick, and how we can better practice good
bee husbandry.
"Resting" bees are commonly referred to as "winter" bees. However, Mauritzio (1954)
found that one could induce the formation of "winter" bees even during the summer by
restricting the queen from producing brood.
This adaptive shift to extended longevity is a response to the cessation of pollen income
into the colony (Mattila and Otis 2007 ), which "tells" the younger bees in the colony to
conserve protein and hunker down for a while."
THE QUESTION:
What is the technical term for these resting bees?
(sometimes used to describe "winter bees" )
• drosphilia bees
• diutinus bees
• clustering bees
• lazy bees
• vitellogenetic
✔✔True - ✔✔True or False?
