PC 707 STUDY 2026 EXAM GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Cold and Allergy products
DM - ✔✔contains dextromethorphan, a cough suppressant
✔✔Cold and Allergy products
CF - ✔✔cough formula-cough suppressant and/or expectorant
✔✔Cold and Allergy products
C or AC - ✔✔contain codeine
✔✔Interventions should be avoided in pregnancy unless..... - ✔✔the benefit outweighs
the risk
✔✔Do the laws of safe prescribing apply to OTC and CAMs? - ✔✔Yes
✔✔What are herbal medicines classified as in the U.S? - ✔✔dietary supplement
✔✔Are herbals held to the same standards as food and drugs? - ✔✔No, herbals are
exempt from FDA standards that require proof of safety and efficacy
✔✔Do conventional medications interact with CAMs? - ✔✔Yes
✔✔What is included when using the term botanicals? - ✔✔use of plants (leaves, stalks,
or roots) for medicinal purposes
✔✔What plant is digitalis made from? - ✔✔Foxglove
✔✔Why do herbs have effects on more than one disorder? - ✔✔Herbs have multiple
chemicals that may be pharmacologically active
,✔✔What contributes to herbs potency? - ✔✔where they were grown, harvested,
cultivated, handled after harvest, and stored
✔✔What are probiotics used for? - ✔✔diarrhea (especially abx associated) ,
constipation, lessen GI effects from antibiotic use
✔✔Teaching when taking probiotics and antibiotics - ✔✔Do not take within 2 hours of
eachother
✔✔How long should probiotics be taken for when combined with antibiotics? - ✔✔The
entire coarse of antibiotics as well as 1 week afterward
✔✔What patients should avoid probiotics? - ✔✔Patient who are immunocompromised
or using immunosuppressants due to risk of infection
✔✔How much cinnamon should be consumed daily to impact glycemic index? - ✔✔3g
daily
✔✔What condition does cinnamon have an impact on? - ✔✔Type 2 diabetes
decreased in fasting plasma glucose levels, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides
increased HDL-C
Not A1C
✔✔What do people commonly take to prevent a cold, but evidence does not show a
positive benefit - ✔✔echinacea
✔✔What supplement improves behavioral issues in children (8-16) years? - ✔✔Omega
3's
✔✔What are the most common reasons women use CAMs (8)? - ✔✔musculoskeletal
disorders, menopause, and chronic pain, induction of labor, menstrual disorders,
mastalgia, UTI, and depression
✔✔What CAM can be used for depression? - ✔✔St Johns Wort
✔✔What CAM can be used for menopausal discomfort? - ✔✔Black cohosh
✔✔Does cranberry juice help prevent UTIs? - ✔✔It may prevent reocurrance
✔✔Is cranberry juice used to treat UTIs? - ✔✔No, there is not evidence suggesting it is
bactericidal
✔✔Which groups of people need adjustments of RDAs? - ✔✔Pregnant women, people
with chronic and debilitating diseases, alcoholics, teenagers, infants
,✔✔What is the limit ,%, of the RDA that people should consume? - ✔✔Do not consume
more than 150% of the RDA
✔✔How many essential vitamins are there that need to be ingested for normal biologic
function? - ✔✔13
✔✔How many essential minerals are there that need to be ingested for normal biologic
function? - ✔✔16
✔✔What is vitamin A needed for? - ✔✔Dark adaptation
✔✔What is the first sign of vitamin a deficiency? - ✔✔night blindness
✔✔Is vitamin A harmful if excess amounts is consumed? - ✔✔Yes, is teratogenic
✔✔what are the fat soluble vitamins? - ✔✔A,D,E,K
✔✔What are the water soluble vitamins? - ✔✔B vitamins, C
largely excreted by the kidneys
✔✔Where are fat soluble vitamins stored? - ✔✔liver and fatty tissue
✔✔Are water soluble vitamins stored? - ✔✔No, and must be ingested frequently
✔✔Do deficiencies of fat soluble vitamins happen over long or short period of time? -
✔✔long period of time
✔✔Do deficiencies of water soluble vitamins happen over long or short period of time? -
✔✔short period of time
✔✔Are mega doses of fat soluble vitamins harmful? - ✔✔Yes, and can lead to
hypervitaminosis
✔✔How are water soluble vitamins excreted? - ✔✔via kidneys
✔✔What is important teaching about B vitamins? - ✔✔They must be taken as a
balanced formula
✔✔What conditions lead to B6 deficiency? - ✔✔Alcoholism, use of Isoniazid, microcytic
anemia, peripheral neuritis, convulsions, depression, and confusion
, ✔✔What conditions predispose a patient to B12 deficiency - ✔✔metformin use, chronic
PPI use, H2 receptor antagonist use, vegetarian/vegan diet, gastritis, crohn's, alcoholic,
small bowel disease, gastrectomy
✔✔How is B12 administered? - ✔✔IM and orally
✔✔Chelation - ✔✔The process of binding metal ions to the same ligand at multiple
points. (chemistry)
Pharm:
Thyroid medication and Tetracycline
-tetracycline gets bound with calcium and is ineffective
-Milk binds with tetracycline
if pts are taking medals, you have to teach them to space medications/ food by two
hours apart.
✔✔Food sources of B12? - ✔✔meat, poultry, eggs, milk, & cheese
✔✔What is the dosage of oral B12? - ✔✔1-2 mg/day
✔✔Can pts. be B12 deficient with normal labs? - ✔✔Yes, check methylmalonic acid or
homeocysteine
When trying to differentiate between folate and B12 deficiency, check MMA. If it is high,
the deficiency is B12
✔✔What does folic acid prevent early in pregnancy? - ✔✔neural tube defects
(anencephaly; spinal bif)
✔✔What are the negatives about added folic acid to food? - ✔✔Overdose in the elderly
and masking the symptoms of pernicious anemia and not protecting the person from the
neurological damage
✔✔Who is at risk for dietary folic acid deficiency? - ✔✔elderly, alcoholics, infants,
consuming over-cooked vegetables, and low citrus intake
✔✔When is additional folic acid intake needed? - ✔✔pregnancy and malabsorptive
conditions (gluten sensitivity)
✔✔What drugs can interfere with folic acid absorption? - ✔✔Dilantin, phenytoin,
bactrim, methotrexate, zidovidine (AZT)
✔✔Food sources rich in folic acid? - ✔✔green leafy vegetables, grains, beans, and
liver, fruits like avocado
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Cold and Allergy products
DM - ✔✔contains dextromethorphan, a cough suppressant
✔✔Cold and Allergy products
CF - ✔✔cough formula-cough suppressant and/or expectorant
✔✔Cold and Allergy products
C or AC - ✔✔contain codeine
✔✔Interventions should be avoided in pregnancy unless..... - ✔✔the benefit outweighs
the risk
✔✔Do the laws of safe prescribing apply to OTC and CAMs? - ✔✔Yes
✔✔What are herbal medicines classified as in the U.S? - ✔✔dietary supplement
✔✔Are herbals held to the same standards as food and drugs? - ✔✔No, herbals are
exempt from FDA standards that require proof of safety and efficacy
✔✔Do conventional medications interact with CAMs? - ✔✔Yes
✔✔What is included when using the term botanicals? - ✔✔use of plants (leaves, stalks,
or roots) for medicinal purposes
✔✔What plant is digitalis made from? - ✔✔Foxglove
✔✔Why do herbs have effects on more than one disorder? - ✔✔Herbs have multiple
chemicals that may be pharmacologically active
,✔✔What contributes to herbs potency? - ✔✔where they were grown, harvested,
cultivated, handled after harvest, and stored
✔✔What are probiotics used for? - ✔✔diarrhea (especially abx associated) ,
constipation, lessen GI effects from antibiotic use
✔✔Teaching when taking probiotics and antibiotics - ✔✔Do not take within 2 hours of
eachother
✔✔How long should probiotics be taken for when combined with antibiotics? - ✔✔The
entire coarse of antibiotics as well as 1 week afterward
✔✔What patients should avoid probiotics? - ✔✔Patient who are immunocompromised
or using immunosuppressants due to risk of infection
✔✔How much cinnamon should be consumed daily to impact glycemic index? - ✔✔3g
daily
✔✔What condition does cinnamon have an impact on? - ✔✔Type 2 diabetes
decreased in fasting plasma glucose levels, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides
increased HDL-C
Not A1C
✔✔What do people commonly take to prevent a cold, but evidence does not show a
positive benefit - ✔✔echinacea
✔✔What supplement improves behavioral issues in children (8-16) years? - ✔✔Omega
3's
✔✔What are the most common reasons women use CAMs (8)? - ✔✔musculoskeletal
disorders, menopause, and chronic pain, induction of labor, menstrual disorders,
mastalgia, UTI, and depression
✔✔What CAM can be used for depression? - ✔✔St Johns Wort
✔✔What CAM can be used for menopausal discomfort? - ✔✔Black cohosh
✔✔Does cranberry juice help prevent UTIs? - ✔✔It may prevent reocurrance
✔✔Is cranberry juice used to treat UTIs? - ✔✔No, there is not evidence suggesting it is
bactericidal
✔✔Which groups of people need adjustments of RDAs? - ✔✔Pregnant women, people
with chronic and debilitating diseases, alcoholics, teenagers, infants
,✔✔What is the limit ,%, of the RDA that people should consume? - ✔✔Do not consume
more than 150% of the RDA
✔✔How many essential vitamins are there that need to be ingested for normal biologic
function? - ✔✔13
✔✔How many essential minerals are there that need to be ingested for normal biologic
function? - ✔✔16
✔✔What is vitamin A needed for? - ✔✔Dark adaptation
✔✔What is the first sign of vitamin a deficiency? - ✔✔night blindness
✔✔Is vitamin A harmful if excess amounts is consumed? - ✔✔Yes, is teratogenic
✔✔what are the fat soluble vitamins? - ✔✔A,D,E,K
✔✔What are the water soluble vitamins? - ✔✔B vitamins, C
largely excreted by the kidneys
✔✔Where are fat soluble vitamins stored? - ✔✔liver and fatty tissue
✔✔Are water soluble vitamins stored? - ✔✔No, and must be ingested frequently
✔✔Do deficiencies of fat soluble vitamins happen over long or short period of time? -
✔✔long period of time
✔✔Do deficiencies of water soluble vitamins happen over long or short period of time? -
✔✔short period of time
✔✔Are mega doses of fat soluble vitamins harmful? - ✔✔Yes, and can lead to
hypervitaminosis
✔✔How are water soluble vitamins excreted? - ✔✔via kidneys
✔✔What is important teaching about B vitamins? - ✔✔They must be taken as a
balanced formula
✔✔What conditions lead to B6 deficiency? - ✔✔Alcoholism, use of Isoniazid, microcytic
anemia, peripheral neuritis, convulsions, depression, and confusion
, ✔✔What conditions predispose a patient to B12 deficiency - ✔✔metformin use, chronic
PPI use, H2 receptor antagonist use, vegetarian/vegan diet, gastritis, crohn's, alcoholic,
small bowel disease, gastrectomy
✔✔How is B12 administered? - ✔✔IM and orally
✔✔Chelation - ✔✔The process of binding metal ions to the same ligand at multiple
points. (chemistry)
Pharm:
Thyroid medication and Tetracycline
-tetracycline gets bound with calcium and is ineffective
-Milk binds with tetracycline
if pts are taking medals, you have to teach them to space medications/ food by two
hours apart.
✔✔Food sources of B12? - ✔✔meat, poultry, eggs, milk, & cheese
✔✔What is the dosage of oral B12? - ✔✔1-2 mg/day
✔✔Can pts. be B12 deficient with normal labs? - ✔✔Yes, check methylmalonic acid or
homeocysteine
When trying to differentiate between folate and B12 deficiency, check MMA. If it is high,
the deficiency is B12
✔✔What does folic acid prevent early in pregnancy? - ✔✔neural tube defects
(anencephaly; spinal bif)
✔✔What are the negatives about added folic acid to food? - ✔✔Overdose in the elderly
and masking the symptoms of pernicious anemia and not protecting the person from the
neurological damage
✔✔Who is at risk for dietary folic acid deficiency? - ✔✔elderly, alcoholics, infants,
consuming over-cooked vegetables, and low citrus intake
✔✔When is additional folic acid intake needed? - ✔✔pregnancy and malabsorptive
conditions (gluten sensitivity)
✔✔What drugs can interfere with folic acid absorption? - ✔✔Dilantin, phenytoin,
bactrim, methotrexate, zidovidine (AZT)
✔✔Food sources rich in folic acid? - ✔✔green leafy vegetables, grains, beans, and
liver, fruits like avocado
