MULTIPLE CHOICE - 68 points (2 points each)
1. Allelopathic plants and territorial organisms often result in dispersion patterns where the presence of
one individual in any point in space reduces the probability of others being near that point. This
pattern of dispersion is known as:
A. absolute
B. clumped
C. chaotic
D. random
E. uniform
2. Human activities like habitat fragmentation can
result in the formation of _____________, the
concept of which is depicted in the figure to the
right.
A. metapopulations
B. life tables
C. demographic transitions
D. mutualisms
E. invasive species
3. Which of the following is not a benefit of a corridor?
A. Increased connectivity between habitat patches
B. Increased gene flow
C. Increased inbreeding
D. Increased dispersal
E. Increased migration
4. Based on Island Biogeography Theory, on which island would you expect to see the smallest
equilibrium number of species?
A. Small island, close to mainland
B. Large island, far from mainland
C. Small island, far from mainland
D. Large island, close to mainland
E. I would expect all islands to harbor the same number of species
1
, 5. Ecological theory can be applied to the human microbiome. Following antibiotic use, primary
colonizers like complex polysaccharide degraders can pave the way for short-chain fatty acid
producers and ultimately bacteria that require an established ecosystem to thrive. In this example,
the complex polysaccharide degraders are demonstrating the process of:
A. Facilitation
B. Tolerance
C. Inhibition
D. Antibiotic Resistance
E. Island Biogeography Theory
6. The graph to the right shows the fundamentals of Island
Biogeography Theory. The lines labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4
represent immigration and extinction rates as functions
of island size (large, small) and isolation (near, far).
Which line represents extinction on a small island?
A. Line 1
B. Line 2
C. Line 3
D. Line 4
E. All of the above
7. Most marine invertebrates produce many offspring and give no parental care, resulting in high
mortality of the offspring. Those offspring who do survive live long lives. These organisms exhibit
Type ____ survivorship and tend to display life history traits typical of ___ - selected species.
A. I, r
B. II, K
C. III, K
D. I, K
E. III, r
8. Species that survive transport, establish in a new location, proliferate and spread (causing ecological
and economic harm) are called:
A. Invasive species
B. Introduced species
C. Native species
D. Non-native species
E. Endangered
𝑑𝑁 𝐾−𝑁
9. According to the logistic growth equation, 𝑑𝑡 = rN ( 𝐾
):
A. the number of individuals added per unit time is greatest when N is close to zero
B. the per capita growth rate (r) increases as N approaches K
C. population growth is zero when N equals K
D. the population grows exponentially when K is small
E. the number of individuals added per unit time is greatest when N is close to K
10. In 1960, there were 2000 elephants in a National Park experiencing exponential growth with r = 0.25.
How many elephants would you expect in the park in the next time step?
A. 500
B. 2500
C. 3600
D. 5000
E. 10000
2
1. Allelopathic plants and territorial organisms often result in dispersion patterns where the presence of
one individual in any point in space reduces the probability of others being near that point. This
pattern of dispersion is known as:
A. absolute
B. clumped
C. chaotic
D. random
E. uniform
2. Human activities like habitat fragmentation can
result in the formation of _____________, the
concept of which is depicted in the figure to the
right.
A. metapopulations
B. life tables
C. demographic transitions
D. mutualisms
E. invasive species
3. Which of the following is not a benefit of a corridor?
A. Increased connectivity between habitat patches
B. Increased gene flow
C. Increased inbreeding
D. Increased dispersal
E. Increased migration
4. Based on Island Biogeography Theory, on which island would you expect to see the smallest
equilibrium number of species?
A. Small island, close to mainland
B. Large island, far from mainland
C. Small island, far from mainland
D. Large island, close to mainland
E. I would expect all islands to harbor the same number of species
1
, 5. Ecological theory can be applied to the human microbiome. Following antibiotic use, primary
colonizers like complex polysaccharide degraders can pave the way for short-chain fatty acid
producers and ultimately bacteria that require an established ecosystem to thrive. In this example,
the complex polysaccharide degraders are demonstrating the process of:
A. Facilitation
B. Tolerance
C. Inhibition
D. Antibiotic Resistance
E. Island Biogeography Theory
6. The graph to the right shows the fundamentals of Island
Biogeography Theory. The lines labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4
represent immigration and extinction rates as functions
of island size (large, small) and isolation (near, far).
Which line represents extinction on a small island?
A. Line 1
B. Line 2
C. Line 3
D. Line 4
E. All of the above
7. Most marine invertebrates produce many offspring and give no parental care, resulting in high
mortality of the offspring. Those offspring who do survive live long lives. These organisms exhibit
Type ____ survivorship and tend to display life history traits typical of ___ - selected species.
A. I, r
B. II, K
C. III, K
D. I, K
E. III, r
8. Species that survive transport, establish in a new location, proliferate and spread (causing ecological
and economic harm) are called:
A. Invasive species
B. Introduced species
C. Native species
D. Non-native species
E. Endangered
𝑑𝑁 𝐾−𝑁
9. According to the logistic growth equation, 𝑑𝑡 = rN ( 𝐾
):
A. the number of individuals added per unit time is greatest when N is close to zero
B. the per capita growth rate (r) increases as N approaches K
C. population growth is zero when N equals K
D. the population grows exponentially when K is small
E. the number of individuals added per unit time is greatest when N is close to K
10. In 1960, there were 2000 elephants in a National Park experiencing exponential growth with r = 0.25.
How many elephants would you expect in the park in the next time step?
A. 500
B. 2500
C. 3600
D. 5000
E. 10000
2
