HCR 240 Final Exam Newest With
Questions And Answers
2026/2027|100% Correct
Pneumothorax - ANSWER>Rupture of the visceral/parietal pleura leading to presence of air/gas in the pleural space
leading to collapse of lung tissue.
Primary/Spontaneous Pneumothorax - ANSWER>Caused by primary lung disease; healthy young males who smoke
cigs and develop blisters in lung tissue which spontaneously rupture.
Secondary Pneumothorax - ANSWER>Caused by chest trauma.
Iatrogenic Pneumothorax - ANSWER>Caused by a surgical procedure (central line placement) or medical treatment
(mechanical vent.).
Clinical manifestations of Pneumothorax - ANSWER>Acute pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, absent breath
sounds on affected side; life threatening if too large/compress other structures.
,Tension Pneumothorax - ANSWER>Emergency medical condition requiring immediate bedside treatment with
chest tube.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) - ANSWER>Dyspnea and hypoxemia with poor response to O2
supplementation, hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis, decreased tissue perfusion, metabolic acidosis, and
organ dysfunction.
Manifestations of ARDS - ANSWER>Increased work of breathing and hypoventilation, hypercapnia, respiratory
acidosis, and worsening hypoxemia; decreased cardiac output, hypotension, DEATH.
Asthma - ANSWER>Chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa causing bronchial
hyperresponsiveness/airway constriction; REVERSIBLE.
Characteristics of Asthma - ANSWER>Episodic attacks of bronchospasm, bronchial inflammation, mucosal edema,
increased mucus production.
Manifestations of Asthma - ANSWER>Asymptomatic between attacks, chest tightness, dyspnea, expiratory
wheezing, coughing, tachypnea, tachycardia; severe - respiratory distress, respiratory acidosis, acute respiratory
failure.
, Status Asthmaticus - ANSWER>Life threatening condition where bronchospasm is irreversible by typical treatment
methods.
COPD - ANSWER>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Iron-deficiency anemia - ANSWER>Most common anemia caused by insufficient dietary intake, impaired
absorption, or chronic blood loss.
Thrombocytopenia - ANSWER>Low levels of platelets (<100,000 mm3) with symptoms including spontaneous
hemorrhage.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) - ANSWER>Spreading clot formation in blood vessels characterized by
widespread activation of coagulation/severe bleeding.
Acute leukemia - ANSWER>Characterized by immature blast cells, rapid progression, and shorter life expectancy.
Questions And Answers
2026/2027|100% Correct
Pneumothorax - ANSWER>Rupture of the visceral/parietal pleura leading to presence of air/gas in the pleural space
leading to collapse of lung tissue.
Primary/Spontaneous Pneumothorax - ANSWER>Caused by primary lung disease; healthy young males who smoke
cigs and develop blisters in lung tissue which spontaneously rupture.
Secondary Pneumothorax - ANSWER>Caused by chest trauma.
Iatrogenic Pneumothorax - ANSWER>Caused by a surgical procedure (central line placement) or medical treatment
(mechanical vent.).
Clinical manifestations of Pneumothorax - ANSWER>Acute pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, absent breath
sounds on affected side; life threatening if too large/compress other structures.
,Tension Pneumothorax - ANSWER>Emergency medical condition requiring immediate bedside treatment with
chest tube.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) - ANSWER>Dyspnea and hypoxemia with poor response to O2
supplementation, hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis, decreased tissue perfusion, metabolic acidosis, and
organ dysfunction.
Manifestations of ARDS - ANSWER>Increased work of breathing and hypoventilation, hypercapnia, respiratory
acidosis, and worsening hypoxemia; decreased cardiac output, hypotension, DEATH.
Asthma - ANSWER>Chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa causing bronchial
hyperresponsiveness/airway constriction; REVERSIBLE.
Characteristics of Asthma - ANSWER>Episodic attacks of bronchospasm, bronchial inflammation, mucosal edema,
increased mucus production.
Manifestations of Asthma - ANSWER>Asymptomatic between attacks, chest tightness, dyspnea, expiratory
wheezing, coughing, tachypnea, tachycardia; severe - respiratory distress, respiratory acidosis, acute respiratory
failure.
, Status Asthmaticus - ANSWER>Life threatening condition where bronchospasm is irreversible by typical treatment
methods.
COPD - ANSWER>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Iron-deficiency anemia - ANSWER>Most common anemia caused by insufficient dietary intake, impaired
absorption, or chronic blood loss.
Thrombocytopenia - ANSWER>Low levels of platelets (<100,000 mm3) with symptoms including spontaneous
hemorrhage.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) - ANSWER>Spreading clot formation in blood vessels characterized by
widespread activation of coagulation/severe bleeding.
Acute leukemia - ANSWER>Characterized by immature blast cells, rapid progression, and shorter life expectancy.
