HCR 240 Final Exam Newest With
Questions And Answers
2026/2027|100% Correct
Addison Disease - ANSWER>Primary autoimmune adrenal insufficiency leading to hypercortisolism, characterized
by low corticosteroids and high ACTH.
Symptoms of Addison Disease - ANSWER>Fatigue, hypotension, weight loss, hyperpigmentation.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Treatment - ANSWER>IV fluids, K+ replacement, insulin, correction of acid-base disorder.
Amenorrhea - ANSWER>Lack of menstruation.
Primary Amenorrhea - ANSWER>Failure to develop menses or secondary sex characteristics by age 13 or failure to
develop menses by age 15 regardless of secondary sex characteristics.
Secondary Amenorrhea - ANSWER>Absence of regular menses for 3 months or irregular menses for 6 months after
previous menstruation.
,Causes of Secondary Amenorrhea - ANSWER>Pregnancy, thyroid dysfunction, anovulation dysfunction, excess
stress/exercise, excess weight loss, PCOS, Asherman Syndrome, hysterectomy.
PALM-COEIN - ANSWER>A classification system used to find out the underlying cause of uterine dysfunction.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - ANSWER>A condition caused by uncontrolled Type I or Type II diabetes, more
common in Type I due to insulin dependence, characterized by glucose >250 with ketones in serum and urine.
Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus Type I - ANSWER>Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, unintentional weight loss.
Diabetes Mellitus Type II - ANSWER>The most common type of diabetes characterized by worsening development
of insulin resistance.
Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus Type II - ANSWER>Nonspecific symptoms including fatigue, pruritis, changes to
vision, neuropathy, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, unintentional weight loss, and appearing overweight.
Cushing Syndrome - ANSWER>High levels of cortisol regardless of the cause.
, Cushing Disease - ANSWER>High levels of cortisol due to pituitary adenoma overproducing ACTH.
Symptoms of Cushing Syndrome - ANSWER>Weight gain in certain areas, stretch marks, thin arms/legs from muscle
wasting, easy bruising, emotional instability, glucose intolerance.
Testicular Torsion - ANSWER>Rotation of a test is causing twisting of the blood vessels in the spermatic cord leading
to vascular engorgement/reduced circulation of the testes.
Symptoms of Testicular Torsion - ANSWER>Acute onset pain, swollen testis not resolving with scrotal elevation,
tender to palpation, absent cremasteric reflex.
Hormones Increasing Breast Cancer Risk - ANSWER>Estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, GH, insulin-like growth
factor.
Hormones Decreasing Breast Cancer Risk - ANSWER>hCG.
Questions And Answers
2026/2027|100% Correct
Addison Disease - ANSWER>Primary autoimmune adrenal insufficiency leading to hypercortisolism, characterized
by low corticosteroids and high ACTH.
Symptoms of Addison Disease - ANSWER>Fatigue, hypotension, weight loss, hyperpigmentation.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Treatment - ANSWER>IV fluids, K+ replacement, insulin, correction of acid-base disorder.
Amenorrhea - ANSWER>Lack of menstruation.
Primary Amenorrhea - ANSWER>Failure to develop menses or secondary sex characteristics by age 13 or failure to
develop menses by age 15 regardless of secondary sex characteristics.
Secondary Amenorrhea - ANSWER>Absence of regular menses for 3 months or irregular menses for 6 months after
previous menstruation.
,Causes of Secondary Amenorrhea - ANSWER>Pregnancy, thyroid dysfunction, anovulation dysfunction, excess
stress/exercise, excess weight loss, PCOS, Asherman Syndrome, hysterectomy.
PALM-COEIN - ANSWER>A classification system used to find out the underlying cause of uterine dysfunction.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - ANSWER>A condition caused by uncontrolled Type I or Type II diabetes, more
common in Type I due to insulin dependence, characterized by glucose >250 with ketones in serum and urine.
Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus Type I - ANSWER>Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, unintentional weight loss.
Diabetes Mellitus Type II - ANSWER>The most common type of diabetes characterized by worsening development
of insulin resistance.
Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus Type II - ANSWER>Nonspecific symptoms including fatigue, pruritis, changes to
vision, neuropathy, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, unintentional weight loss, and appearing overweight.
Cushing Syndrome - ANSWER>High levels of cortisol regardless of the cause.
, Cushing Disease - ANSWER>High levels of cortisol due to pituitary adenoma overproducing ACTH.
Symptoms of Cushing Syndrome - ANSWER>Weight gain in certain areas, stretch marks, thin arms/legs from muscle
wasting, easy bruising, emotional instability, glucose intolerance.
Testicular Torsion - ANSWER>Rotation of a test is causing twisting of the blood vessels in the spermatic cord leading
to vascular engorgement/reduced circulation of the testes.
Symptoms of Testicular Torsion - ANSWER>Acute onset pain, swollen testis not resolving with scrotal elevation,
tender to palpation, absent cremasteric reflex.
Hormones Increasing Breast Cancer Risk - ANSWER>Estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, GH, insulin-like growth
factor.
Hormones Decreasing Breast Cancer Risk - ANSWER>hCG.
