ELLIS AND ASSOCIATES LIFEGUARD LATEST STUDY
EXAMS GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔M.A.H.C - ✔✔Model Aquatic Health Code:
A voluntary guidance document based on science and best practices that helps local
and state authorities and aquatics facilities to provide healthy and safe swimming and
other water activities.
✔✔Other types of Water Contaminants - ✔✔You may be responsible for cleaning up
these types of bio spills when they occur in or around their water.
- Cleaning up vomit and or blood is like cleaning up a well-formed accidental fecal
release.
✔✔Bloodborne And Airborne Pathogens - ✔✔Bacteria and viruses are pathogens
(germs) present in blood and other bodily fluids. Bacteria and viruses can live on
surfaces outside the body for varying periods of time.
- Medications such as antibiotics and anti-viral agents are used to treat bacterial or viral
infections once they occur. But not all infections can be treated effectively.
✔✔Bloodborne Pathogen Transmission (pg. 37) - ✔✔- Hepatitis B virus: Transferred
Through - Blood, saliva, vomit, semen
- Hepatitis C virus: Transferred Through - Blood, saliva, vomit, semen
- Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV): Transferred Through - Blood, semen, vaginal
fluids
✔✔Airborne Pathogen Transmission - ✔✔- Tuberculosis: Transferred Through - Air
droplets from cough or sneeze
- Measles: Transferred Through - Air droplets from cough or sneeze
- Chickenpox (Varicella): Transferred Through -Air droplets from cough or sneeze;
touching the blisters or mucous secretions
- Mumps: Transferred Through - Air droplets from cough or sneeze, saliva
,- Meningitis: Transferred Through - Air droplets from cough or sneeze, saliva, or direct
contact
✔✔How Diseases Are Transmitted - ✔✔There are three conditions that must be met for
disease transmission to occur:
• The pathogen must be present in adequate quantity to cause disease
• A person must be susceptible to the pathogen
• The pathogen must enter the body through an opening such as the eyes, nose, mouth,
skin cuts, abrasions, bites, or needlestick puncture
✔✔O.P.I.M - ✔✔Other Possibly Infectious Material
✔✔OSHA Protection Standards - ✔✔Established regulations to protect employees from
on-the-job exposure to bloodborne and airborne pathogens and OPIM. This includes
reducing or removing hazards from your workplace that may place you in contact with
infectious materials.
The regulations are known as:
• OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard 29 CFR 1910.1040
• OSHA Respiratory Protection Standard 29 CFR 1910.334
✔✔OSHA's standards require that your employer protect you when you are doing your
job. - ✔✔This includes:
• Identifying duties that you will perform that fall within the protection offered by the
standards
• Establishing an Exposure Control Plan that includes protective measures to follow to
minimize the chance of disease transmission
• Seeking your input into engineering and work practice controls
• Offering access to the Hepatitis B vaccination
• Creating a system of recordkeeping that tracks required training and exposure
incidents
• Creating protocols to follow in the event of an exposure incident
• Implementing a schedule for cleaning and decontaminating the workplace
• Implementing a system to identify and properly dispose of soiled material
• Ensuring confidentiality of your medical records and any exposure incidents
✔✔Disease Prevention Practices - ✔✔Disease prevention practices are made up of:
• Administrative controls
• Engineering controls
• Work practice controls
• Standard precautions
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
✔✔P.P.E - ✔✔Personal Protection Equipment
, ✔✔Administrative Controls - ✔✔Administrative controls include the programs and
policies that support and direct the overall disease prevention plan.
Examples of this Include:
- training program
- vaccination program
- exposure control plan
✔✔Engineering Controls - ✔✔Efforts implemented to minimize disease transmission
through workspace design or equipment use.
Examples of this Include:
- selfsheathing needles
- hand and eye washing stations
- biohazard waste containers
- sharps containers
- spill clean-up kits
✔✔Work Practice Controls - ✔✔Behaviors (practices) that are required to implement
engineering controls.
- Properly using washing stations, sharps containers, and waste containers are
examples of work practice controls.
Specific work practice controls include protocols that:
• Provide steps for removing soiled medical exam gloves
• Provide steps for cleaning up sharp items and contaminated spills
• Require hands to be immediately washed after removing soiled medical exam gloves
• Require that you clean and disinfect equipment and surfaces if soiled
✔✔Proper Glove Removal (pg. 41) - ✔✔1. Pinch the outside of the glove near the wrist.
2. Peel downward and the glove will turn inside out. Secure this glove in your gloved
hand.
3. Slide your finger(s) under the wrist of the remaining glove.
4. Peel downward and the glove will turn inside out over top the first glove. Dispose
properly.
✔✔Proper Hand Washing - ✔✔To properly wash your hands after removing medical
exam gloves:
1. Wet your hands with warm water.
2. Apply soap.
3. Rub your hands vigorously for at least 15 seconds, covering all surfaces.
4. Rinse with warm water.
5. Dry thoroughly
✔✔How to clean up a spill mixed with sharp objects: - ✔✔- Use a broom, dustpan or
cardboard to properly remove the broken glass and deposit it in the proper container
- Use a disinfectant to clean the surface of any remaining blood.
- If you must make a disinfectant, prepare a mixture of 1 part bleach to 9 parts water.
- Flood the area and allow it to stand for approximately 15 minutes.
EXAMS GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔M.A.H.C - ✔✔Model Aquatic Health Code:
A voluntary guidance document based on science and best practices that helps local
and state authorities and aquatics facilities to provide healthy and safe swimming and
other water activities.
✔✔Other types of Water Contaminants - ✔✔You may be responsible for cleaning up
these types of bio spills when they occur in or around their water.
- Cleaning up vomit and or blood is like cleaning up a well-formed accidental fecal
release.
✔✔Bloodborne And Airborne Pathogens - ✔✔Bacteria and viruses are pathogens
(germs) present in blood and other bodily fluids. Bacteria and viruses can live on
surfaces outside the body for varying periods of time.
- Medications such as antibiotics and anti-viral agents are used to treat bacterial or viral
infections once they occur. But not all infections can be treated effectively.
✔✔Bloodborne Pathogen Transmission (pg. 37) - ✔✔- Hepatitis B virus: Transferred
Through - Blood, saliva, vomit, semen
- Hepatitis C virus: Transferred Through - Blood, saliva, vomit, semen
- Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV): Transferred Through - Blood, semen, vaginal
fluids
✔✔Airborne Pathogen Transmission - ✔✔- Tuberculosis: Transferred Through - Air
droplets from cough or sneeze
- Measles: Transferred Through - Air droplets from cough or sneeze
- Chickenpox (Varicella): Transferred Through -Air droplets from cough or sneeze;
touching the blisters or mucous secretions
- Mumps: Transferred Through - Air droplets from cough or sneeze, saliva
,- Meningitis: Transferred Through - Air droplets from cough or sneeze, saliva, or direct
contact
✔✔How Diseases Are Transmitted - ✔✔There are three conditions that must be met for
disease transmission to occur:
• The pathogen must be present in adequate quantity to cause disease
• A person must be susceptible to the pathogen
• The pathogen must enter the body through an opening such as the eyes, nose, mouth,
skin cuts, abrasions, bites, or needlestick puncture
✔✔O.P.I.M - ✔✔Other Possibly Infectious Material
✔✔OSHA Protection Standards - ✔✔Established regulations to protect employees from
on-the-job exposure to bloodborne and airborne pathogens and OPIM. This includes
reducing or removing hazards from your workplace that may place you in contact with
infectious materials.
The regulations are known as:
• OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard 29 CFR 1910.1040
• OSHA Respiratory Protection Standard 29 CFR 1910.334
✔✔OSHA's standards require that your employer protect you when you are doing your
job. - ✔✔This includes:
• Identifying duties that you will perform that fall within the protection offered by the
standards
• Establishing an Exposure Control Plan that includes protective measures to follow to
minimize the chance of disease transmission
• Seeking your input into engineering and work practice controls
• Offering access to the Hepatitis B vaccination
• Creating a system of recordkeeping that tracks required training and exposure
incidents
• Creating protocols to follow in the event of an exposure incident
• Implementing a schedule for cleaning and decontaminating the workplace
• Implementing a system to identify and properly dispose of soiled material
• Ensuring confidentiality of your medical records and any exposure incidents
✔✔Disease Prevention Practices - ✔✔Disease prevention practices are made up of:
• Administrative controls
• Engineering controls
• Work practice controls
• Standard precautions
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
✔✔P.P.E - ✔✔Personal Protection Equipment
, ✔✔Administrative Controls - ✔✔Administrative controls include the programs and
policies that support and direct the overall disease prevention plan.
Examples of this Include:
- training program
- vaccination program
- exposure control plan
✔✔Engineering Controls - ✔✔Efforts implemented to minimize disease transmission
through workspace design or equipment use.
Examples of this Include:
- selfsheathing needles
- hand and eye washing stations
- biohazard waste containers
- sharps containers
- spill clean-up kits
✔✔Work Practice Controls - ✔✔Behaviors (practices) that are required to implement
engineering controls.
- Properly using washing stations, sharps containers, and waste containers are
examples of work practice controls.
Specific work practice controls include protocols that:
• Provide steps for removing soiled medical exam gloves
• Provide steps for cleaning up sharp items and contaminated spills
• Require hands to be immediately washed after removing soiled medical exam gloves
• Require that you clean and disinfect equipment and surfaces if soiled
✔✔Proper Glove Removal (pg. 41) - ✔✔1. Pinch the outside of the glove near the wrist.
2. Peel downward and the glove will turn inside out. Secure this glove in your gloved
hand.
3. Slide your finger(s) under the wrist of the remaining glove.
4. Peel downward and the glove will turn inside out over top the first glove. Dispose
properly.
✔✔Proper Hand Washing - ✔✔To properly wash your hands after removing medical
exam gloves:
1. Wet your hands with warm water.
2. Apply soap.
3. Rub your hands vigorously for at least 15 seconds, covering all surfaces.
4. Rinse with warm water.
5. Dry thoroughly
✔✔How to clean up a spill mixed with sharp objects: - ✔✔- Use a broom, dustpan or
cardboard to properly remove the broken glass and deposit it in the proper container
- Use a disinfectant to clean the surface of any remaining blood.
- If you must make a disinfectant, prepare a mixture of 1 part bleach to 9 parts water.
- Flood the area and allow it to stand for approximately 15 minutes.
