EXAM 3 HPEX ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Pulmonary respiration Gas exchange in the lungs (O₂ in, CO₂ out)
Cellular respiration Use of O₂ by cells to produce energy and CO₂
Conducting zone Air passageways where no gas exchange occurs
, Respiratory zone Area where gas exchange occurs (alveoli)
Ventilation Movement of air into and out of the lungs
Diffusion Movement of gases from high to low pressure
Inspiration Increase in lung volume causing air to flow in
Expiration Decrease in lung volume causing air to flow out
Airflow depends on Pressure difference and airway resistance
Main factor affecting airway resistance Airway diameter
Pulmonary ventilation Total air moved in and out per minute
Pulmonary ventilation equation VE = VT × f
Alveolar ventilation Air reaching alveoli for gas exchange
Dead space Air that does not participate in gas exchange
Tidal volume (TV) Air moved per breath
Vital capacity (VC) Max air exhaled after max inhale
Residual volume (RV) Air remaining after max exhale
FEV1 Air exhaled in first second
FVC Total forced air exhaled
Normal FEV1/FVC ratio 80 percent
Low FEV1/FVC indicates Lung disease like COPD or asthma
Dalton's Law Total pressure equals sum of partial pressures
Partial pressure Pressure of an individual gas in a mixture
Fick's Law Diffusion depends on surface area, thickness, and pressure gradient
Increase diffusion rate Increased surface area, decreased thickness, increased pressure gradient
Oxygen transport in blood 99 percent bound to hemoglobin
Oxygen per gram hemoglobin 1.34 mL O₂
Pulmonary respiration Gas exchange in the lungs (O₂ in, CO₂ out)
Cellular respiration Use of O₂ by cells to produce energy and CO₂
Conducting zone Air passageways where no gas exchange occurs
, Respiratory zone Area where gas exchange occurs (alveoli)
Ventilation Movement of air into and out of the lungs
Diffusion Movement of gases from high to low pressure
Inspiration Increase in lung volume causing air to flow in
Expiration Decrease in lung volume causing air to flow out
Airflow depends on Pressure difference and airway resistance
Main factor affecting airway resistance Airway diameter
Pulmonary ventilation Total air moved in and out per minute
Pulmonary ventilation equation VE = VT × f
Alveolar ventilation Air reaching alveoli for gas exchange
Dead space Air that does not participate in gas exchange
Tidal volume (TV) Air moved per breath
Vital capacity (VC) Max air exhaled after max inhale
Residual volume (RV) Air remaining after max exhale
FEV1 Air exhaled in first second
FVC Total forced air exhaled
Normal FEV1/FVC ratio 80 percent
Low FEV1/FVC indicates Lung disease like COPD or asthma
Dalton's Law Total pressure equals sum of partial pressures
Partial pressure Pressure of an individual gas in a mixture
Fick's Law Diffusion depends on surface area, thickness, and pressure gradient
Increase diffusion rate Increased surface area, decreased thickness, increased pressure gradient
Oxygen transport in blood 99 percent bound to hemoglobin
Oxygen per gram hemoglobin 1.34 mL O₂
