hpex exam 3 ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
conducting zone conducts air to respiratory zone, humidifies and filters
trachea, bronchial tree, bronchioles
respiratory zone exchange of gases between air and blood
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs
, inspiration - diaphragm pushes down, ribs lift outward
- volume of lungs increase
- intrapulmonary pressure decrease
airflow = p1 - p2 / resistance
resistance depends on diameter of airway
asthma results in bronchospasm - narrowing of airways
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - increased airway resistance due to
constant narrowing
- includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
pulmonary ventilation amount of air moved in or out of the lungs per minute
V = TV x BF
V = VA + VD
tidal volume amount of air moved per breath
breathing frequency number of breaths per minute
alveolar ventilation volume of air that reaches the respiratory zone
dead-space ventilation volume of air remaining in conducting airways
vital capacity max amount of gas that can be expired after a max inspiration
residual volume volume of gas reamining in lungs after max exhalation
total lung capacity amount og gas in lungs after a max inspiration
partial pressure of gases the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of pressure that each gas
would exert independetaly
- O2: 20.93%
- CO2: 0.03%
- N2: 79.04%
ficks law of diffusion Volume gas = tissue area x diffusion coefficient of gas x difference in partial
pressure / tissue thickness
ventilation/perfusion ratio matching of blood flow to ventilation
- apex: ratio >1.0 underperfused - more ventilation than blood flow
- base: ratio < 1.0 overperfused
each gram of Hb can transport 1.34 ml O2
male oxygen content at 100% Hb saturation 200 mL O2/L
female oxygen content at 100% Hb saturation 174 mlO2/L
conducting zone conducts air to respiratory zone, humidifies and filters
trachea, bronchial tree, bronchioles
respiratory zone exchange of gases between air and blood
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs
, inspiration - diaphragm pushes down, ribs lift outward
- volume of lungs increase
- intrapulmonary pressure decrease
airflow = p1 - p2 / resistance
resistance depends on diameter of airway
asthma results in bronchospasm - narrowing of airways
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - increased airway resistance due to
constant narrowing
- includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
pulmonary ventilation amount of air moved in or out of the lungs per minute
V = TV x BF
V = VA + VD
tidal volume amount of air moved per breath
breathing frequency number of breaths per minute
alveolar ventilation volume of air that reaches the respiratory zone
dead-space ventilation volume of air remaining in conducting airways
vital capacity max amount of gas that can be expired after a max inspiration
residual volume volume of gas reamining in lungs after max exhalation
total lung capacity amount og gas in lungs after a max inspiration
partial pressure of gases the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of pressure that each gas
would exert independetaly
- O2: 20.93%
- CO2: 0.03%
- N2: 79.04%
ficks law of diffusion Volume gas = tissue area x diffusion coefficient of gas x difference in partial
pressure / tissue thickness
ventilation/perfusion ratio matching of blood flow to ventilation
- apex: ratio >1.0 underperfused - more ventilation than blood flow
- base: ratio < 1.0 overperfused
each gram of Hb can transport 1.34 ml O2
male oxygen content at 100% Hb saturation 200 mL O2/L
female oxygen content at 100% Hb saturation 174 mlO2/L
