NSG 223 Exam 2 study Guide (Latest
Update) Medical-Surgical
Nursing II Questions and Verified
Answers 100% Correct {Grade A} -
Herzing
Med surg 2 blueprint exam 2
Medical-Surgical Nursing II (Herzing University)
, NSG223 Medical-Surgical II
EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
Topic Location Student Notes
Pulmonary embolism NSG 223.04.01.01 ▪ PE: refers to obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by a thrombi
- pathophysiology that originates somewhere in the right side of the heart
▪ Causes:
▪ Trauma
▪ Surgery (orthopedic, abdominal, pelvic,..)
▪ Pregnancy
▪ Heart Failure
▪ Hypercoagulable states Prolonged
immobility
▪ Most commonly PE is due to blood clot….but can also be due to air, fat, amniotic
fluid, sepsis (bacterial vegetation)
▪ Complete or partial occlusion
▪ Little or no blood-flow to distal area
▪ Ventilation/Perfusion impairment
▪ Impaired or no gas exchange
▪ Hemodynamic changes – edema, regional vasoconstriction – increased pressures –
can lead to right sided heart failure
Pulmonary embolism NSG223.04.01.01 ▪ Depends on the size of the thrombus…
- Clinical manifestations
▪ Dyspnea
,▪ Tachycardia
▪ Bloody sputum
▪ Cough
▪ Chest pain (pleuritic)
▪ Anxiety
▪ Fever
▪ Diaphoresis
▪ Syncope
, Pulmonary embolism NSG223.04.01.02 ▪ Emergency:
- Treatments
▪ Nasal O2 immediately to relieve hypoxemia, respiratory distress, central cyanosis…
may need to intubate
▪ IV lines for fluids and meds-anticuagulants, vasopressors etc..
▪ Hypotension – if not improved by IVF – give vasopressors (Dopamine, Dobutamine,
Norepinephrine)
▪ Hemodynamic eval, Hypoxemia eval (ABG) and MDCTA
▪ EKG
▪ Labs – electrolytes, CBC, coagulation
▪ Pain and discomfort relief – small doses MS, sedatives if intubated
▪ General management:
▪ Oxygen therapy to relieve hypoxemia
▪ Anti-embolism stockings or SCDs to reduce venous stasis
▪ Elevate legs for venous return
Update) Medical-Surgical
Nursing II Questions and Verified
Answers 100% Correct {Grade A} -
Herzing
Med surg 2 blueprint exam 2
Medical-Surgical Nursing II (Herzing University)
, NSG223 Medical-Surgical II
EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
Topic Location Student Notes
Pulmonary embolism NSG 223.04.01.01 ▪ PE: refers to obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by a thrombi
- pathophysiology that originates somewhere in the right side of the heart
▪ Causes:
▪ Trauma
▪ Surgery (orthopedic, abdominal, pelvic,..)
▪ Pregnancy
▪ Heart Failure
▪ Hypercoagulable states Prolonged
immobility
▪ Most commonly PE is due to blood clot….but can also be due to air, fat, amniotic
fluid, sepsis (bacterial vegetation)
▪ Complete or partial occlusion
▪ Little or no blood-flow to distal area
▪ Ventilation/Perfusion impairment
▪ Impaired or no gas exchange
▪ Hemodynamic changes – edema, regional vasoconstriction – increased pressures –
can lead to right sided heart failure
Pulmonary embolism NSG223.04.01.01 ▪ Depends on the size of the thrombus…
- Clinical manifestations
▪ Dyspnea
,▪ Tachycardia
▪ Bloody sputum
▪ Cough
▪ Chest pain (pleuritic)
▪ Anxiety
▪ Fever
▪ Diaphoresis
▪ Syncope
, Pulmonary embolism NSG223.04.01.02 ▪ Emergency:
- Treatments
▪ Nasal O2 immediately to relieve hypoxemia, respiratory distress, central cyanosis…
may need to intubate
▪ IV lines for fluids and meds-anticuagulants, vasopressors etc..
▪ Hypotension – if not improved by IVF – give vasopressors (Dopamine, Dobutamine,
Norepinephrine)
▪ Hemodynamic eval, Hypoxemia eval (ABG) and MDCTA
▪ EKG
▪ Labs – electrolytes, CBC, coagulation
▪ Pain and discomfort relief – small doses MS, sedatives if intubated
▪ General management:
▪ Oxygen therapy to relieve hypoxemia
▪ Anti-embolism stockings or SCDs to reduce venous stasis
▪ Elevate legs for venous return
