BIO 171 Module 2 Exam(Questions & Answers)- Microbiology-
Portage Learning(New-2021/2022)
Section 1: Metabolism & Energy (Q1–20)
Q1. Metabolism can be defined as:
A) Reactions that occur only in animals
B) A controlled set of biochemical reactions occurring only in motile organisms
C) A controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in all living organisms to
maintain life
D) Reactions that only break down molecules
Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolism occurs in all living organisms, motile or not. It includes
both building and breaking down molecules.
Q2. Which statement about enzymes is TRUE?
A) Enzymes are consumed during reactions
B) Enzymes slow down reactions to save energy
C) Enzymes are typically polysaccharides
D) Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering activation energy
Answer: D
Rationale: Enzymes are biological catalysts (proteins) that lower activation energy
and are not consumed.
Q3. A cofactor is generally a:
A) Lipid molecule
B) Metal ion
C) Carbohydrate
D) Nucleic acid
Answer: B
Rationale: Cofactors are typically metal ions (e.g., Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ca²⁺) that assist
enzymes.
,Q4. Which process breaks down large molecules to release energy?
A) Anabolism
B) Catabolism
C) Photosynthesis
D) Biosynthesis
Answer: B
Rationale: Catabolism = breakdown + energy release. Anabolism = building +
energy consumption.
Q5. Which process builds macromolecules from smaller units?
A) Catabolism
B) Hydrolysis
C) Anabolism
D) Fermentation
Answer: C
Rationale: Anabolism is biosynthetic, requiring energy (ATP).
Q6. Upon cellular injury, which process is most active during repair?
A) Catabolism
B) Fermentation
C) Anabolism
D) Glycolysis
Answer: C
Rationale: Repair requires biosynthesis (anabolism) to rebuild damaged
structures.
Q7. ATP donates energy by:
A) Gaining a phosphate group
B) Losing a phosphate group (ATP → ADP + Pi)
C) Binding to DNA
D) Increasing temperature
Answer: B
Rationale: ATP releases energy when the terminal phosphate bond is broken.
, Q8. ADP accepts energy by:
A) Losing a phosphate group
B) Gaining a phosphate group (ADP + Pi → ATP)
C) Binding to an enzyme
D) Breaking down glucose
Answer: B
Rationale: Energy is stored by adding a phosphate to ADP, forming ATP.
Q9. Which of the following is TRUE regarding metabolism?
A) Only motile organisms have metabolism
B) Metabolism is the same as digestion
C) Metabolism includes both catabolism and anabolism
D) Metabolism only occurs in the presence of oxygen
Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolism = catabolism + anabolism. It occurs in all organisms, with
or without oxygen.
Q10. Enzymes are primarily composed of:
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Nucleic acids
D) Proteins
Answer: D
Rationale: Enzymes are proteins (with some RNA exceptions).
Q11. The active site of an enzyme:
A) Binds any random molecule
B) Is specific to a particular substrate
C) Is made of lipids
D) Is destroyed after each reaction
Answer: B
Rationale: Lock-and-key specificity.
Q12. Which factor does NOT affect enzyme reaction rate?
A) Temperature
Portage Learning(New-2021/2022)
Section 1: Metabolism & Energy (Q1–20)
Q1. Metabolism can be defined as:
A) Reactions that occur only in animals
B) A controlled set of biochemical reactions occurring only in motile organisms
C) A controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in all living organisms to
maintain life
D) Reactions that only break down molecules
Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolism occurs in all living organisms, motile or not. It includes
both building and breaking down molecules.
Q2. Which statement about enzymes is TRUE?
A) Enzymes are consumed during reactions
B) Enzymes slow down reactions to save energy
C) Enzymes are typically polysaccharides
D) Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering activation energy
Answer: D
Rationale: Enzymes are biological catalysts (proteins) that lower activation energy
and are not consumed.
Q3. A cofactor is generally a:
A) Lipid molecule
B) Metal ion
C) Carbohydrate
D) Nucleic acid
Answer: B
Rationale: Cofactors are typically metal ions (e.g., Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ca²⁺) that assist
enzymes.
,Q4. Which process breaks down large molecules to release energy?
A) Anabolism
B) Catabolism
C) Photosynthesis
D) Biosynthesis
Answer: B
Rationale: Catabolism = breakdown + energy release. Anabolism = building +
energy consumption.
Q5. Which process builds macromolecules from smaller units?
A) Catabolism
B) Hydrolysis
C) Anabolism
D) Fermentation
Answer: C
Rationale: Anabolism is biosynthetic, requiring energy (ATP).
Q6. Upon cellular injury, which process is most active during repair?
A) Catabolism
B) Fermentation
C) Anabolism
D) Glycolysis
Answer: C
Rationale: Repair requires biosynthesis (anabolism) to rebuild damaged
structures.
Q7. ATP donates energy by:
A) Gaining a phosphate group
B) Losing a phosphate group (ATP → ADP + Pi)
C) Binding to DNA
D) Increasing temperature
Answer: B
Rationale: ATP releases energy when the terminal phosphate bond is broken.
, Q8. ADP accepts energy by:
A) Losing a phosphate group
B) Gaining a phosphate group (ADP + Pi → ATP)
C) Binding to an enzyme
D) Breaking down glucose
Answer: B
Rationale: Energy is stored by adding a phosphate to ADP, forming ATP.
Q9. Which of the following is TRUE regarding metabolism?
A) Only motile organisms have metabolism
B) Metabolism is the same as digestion
C) Metabolism includes both catabolism and anabolism
D) Metabolism only occurs in the presence of oxygen
Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolism = catabolism + anabolism. It occurs in all organisms, with
or without oxygen.
Q10. Enzymes are primarily composed of:
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Nucleic acids
D) Proteins
Answer: D
Rationale: Enzymes are proteins (with some RNA exceptions).
Q11. The active site of an enzyme:
A) Binds any random molecule
B) Is specific to a particular substrate
C) Is made of lipids
D) Is destroyed after each reaction
Answer: B
Rationale: Lock-and-key specificity.
Q12. Which factor does NOT affect enzyme reaction rate?
A) Temperature
