Apex midterm (Latest 2026/ 2027 Update)
100% Verified Questions & Answers
{Grade A}
What are the effects of full fluorination? What vaa is fully fluorinated? - correct answer
↓ potency = ↑ mac
↑ vapor pressure → requires heated vaporizer
↑ resistance to biotransformation (↓ metabolism) → ↓ trifluoroacetate makes an
immune mediated hepatitis extremely unlikely
-des
How to identify vaa chemical structures - correct answer sevo - 7 fl
Des - 6
Iso - 5
Halothane has bromine atom
Nitrous: n=n
,What two gasses produce carbon monoxide in dessicated soda lime?
Which gas produces compound a in hydrated/dessicated soda lime? - correct answer
des>iso
Sevo
Vapor pressure and boiling point of des
Vapor pressure & boiling pt of n2o - correct answer vp: 669
Boiling pt: 22 degrees
Vp: 38,770
Boiling pt: -88c
Mac-bar - correct answer blunts autonomic response to pain
-1.5mac
Mac awake on induction vs emergene
Mac recall - correct answer induction: 0.4-0.5
,Emergence: 0.15
Recall: 0.4-0.5
At what mac is movement prevented? - correct answer 1.3mac
Vaa prevent movement at what part of the brain
Vaa target unconsciousness where
Vaa target amnesia where
Vaa target analgesia where
Vaa target autonomic response where - correct answer ventral horn (nmda, na+
inhibition; glycine stim)
Ras, cerebral cortex, thalamus
Hippocampus, amygdala
Spinothalamic tract
Pons & medulla
What increases and decreases mac - correct answer increases: levodopa, ephedrine,
ssri, maoi, hypernat, infants 1-6mo, hyperthermia, chronic alcoholism
, Decreases: lithium, hyponat, hypoten, anemia, alcohol intox, pregnancy, postpartum
(regulates within 24-48h), old age (↓6% q decade past 40), lido, alpha 2 agonism,
hydroxyzine, opioids, co2 > 95, hypo osmolarity, cabg, acidosis, hypoxia
Does not affect: gender, htn, thyroid stuff,
The unitary hypothesis states that - correct answer all vaa have similar mechanism of
action, at different sites
Modern anesthetic theory suggests that - correct answer vaa interact with
stereoselective receptors
When to avoid nitrous after air bubble placement - correct answer sf6 = 15min before,
7-10days after
Oil - none
Perfluoropropane - 30 days
100% Verified Questions & Answers
{Grade A}
What are the effects of full fluorination? What vaa is fully fluorinated? - correct answer
↓ potency = ↑ mac
↑ vapor pressure → requires heated vaporizer
↑ resistance to biotransformation (↓ metabolism) → ↓ trifluoroacetate makes an
immune mediated hepatitis extremely unlikely
-des
How to identify vaa chemical structures - correct answer sevo - 7 fl
Des - 6
Iso - 5
Halothane has bromine atom
Nitrous: n=n
,What two gasses produce carbon monoxide in dessicated soda lime?
Which gas produces compound a in hydrated/dessicated soda lime? - correct answer
des>iso
Sevo
Vapor pressure and boiling point of des
Vapor pressure & boiling pt of n2o - correct answer vp: 669
Boiling pt: 22 degrees
Vp: 38,770
Boiling pt: -88c
Mac-bar - correct answer blunts autonomic response to pain
-1.5mac
Mac awake on induction vs emergene
Mac recall - correct answer induction: 0.4-0.5
,Emergence: 0.15
Recall: 0.4-0.5
At what mac is movement prevented? - correct answer 1.3mac
Vaa prevent movement at what part of the brain
Vaa target unconsciousness where
Vaa target amnesia where
Vaa target analgesia where
Vaa target autonomic response where - correct answer ventral horn (nmda, na+
inhibition; glycine stim)
Ras, cerebral cortex, thalamus
Hippocampus, amygdala
Spinothalamic tract
Pons & medulla
What increases and decreases mac - correct answer increases: levodopa, ephedrine,
ssri, maoi, hypernat, infants 1-6mo, hyperthermia, chronic alcoholism
, Decreases: lithium, hyponat, hypoten, anemia, alcohol intox, pregnancy, postpartum
(regulates within 24-48h), old age (↓6% q decade past 40), lido, alpha 2 agonism,
hydroxyzine, opioids, co2 > 95, hypo osmolarity, cabg, acidosis, hypoxia
Does not affect: gender, htn, thyroid stuff,
The unitary hypothesis states that - correct answer all vaa have similar mechanism of
action, at different sites
Modern anesthetic theory suggests that - correct answer vaa interact with
stereoselective receptors
When to avoid nitrous after air bubble placement - correct answer sf6 = 15min before,
7-10days after
Oil - none
Perfluoropropane - 30 days
