MMC 3420 ACTUAL UPDATED EXAMS QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔(continuous: change incrementally)
-Classifies variables into different categories
-Rank-orders those categories along some dimension
-Establishes equal distances between adjacent points along the scale
-We can attach numbers rather than numerals
-Can have an arbitrary zero, but not a true zero
Ex: temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit
-Interval measures are often scales
-Scales are often composite measures: based on more than one item; often used to
index more complex, multi-dimensional variables
-Rating scales vs. ranking= big differences
-Likert scale: a number of summary statements (e.g. 1 = strongly disagree and 7 =
strongly agree)
-Semantic differentials: - ✔✔Interval measurement
✔✔(continuous: change incrementally) - we know the distance between each value.
-Classifies variables into different categories
, -Rank-orders those categories along some dimension
-Establishes equal distances between adjacent points along a measurement scale
-Has a true zero - ✔✔Ratio measurement
✔✔A formal question posed to guide research. - ✔✔Research Question
✔✔Predicts an outcome.
A formal, tentative statement about the relationship between independent and
dependent variables. - ✔✔Hypotheses
✔✔Understand reliability, internal consistency (notes) - ✔✔**You don't necessarily need
validity to have a reliable measure
But, you do need reliability to be valid
***If you don't have reliability you don't have validity
✔✔when a measure consistently provides the same answer - ✔✔Reliability
✔✔consistency of the results of a measure over time - ✔✔Stability
✔✔consistency of among items that compose a scale.
-methods for evaluating: split-half technique, cronbach's alpha, cross-test reliability -
✔✔Internal consistency
✔✔-Judgement-based validity
-Making sense on the face of things
-Weakest form of validity
For example, IQ tests are supposed to measure intelligence - ✔✔Face validity
✔✔-Measure predicts what you want it to
-Established with measures at different time points
Ex: high school GPA = performance in college - ✔✔Predictive validity
✔✔-Measure is related to other similar measures of the same variable
-Established with measurements taken about the same time
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔(continuous: change incrementally)
-Classifies variables into different categories
-Rank-orders those categories along some dimension
-Establishes equal distances between adjacent points along the scale
-We can attach numbers rather than numerals
-Can have an arbitrary zero, but not a true zero
Ex: temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit
-Interval measures are often scales
-Scales are often composite measures: based on more than one item; often used to
index more complex, multi-dimensional variables
-Rating scales vs. ranking= big differences
-Likert scale: a number of summary statements (e.g. 1 = strongly disagree and 7 =
strongly agree)
-Semantic differentials: - ✔✔Interval measurement
✔✔(continuous: change incrementally) - we know the distance between each value.
-Classifies variables into different categories
, -Rank-orders those categories along some dimension
-Establishes equal distances between adjacent points along a measurement scale
-Has a true zero - ✔✔Ratio measurement
✔✔A formal question posed to guide research. - ✔✔Research Question
✔✔Predicts an outcome.
A formal, tentative statement about the relationship between independent and
dependent variables. - ✔✔Hypotheses
✔✔Understand reliability, internal consistency (notes) - ✔✔**You don't necessarily need
validity to have a reliable measure
But, you do need reliability to be valid
***If you don't have reliability you don't have validity
✔✔when a measure consistently provides the same answer - ✔✔Reliability
✔✔consistency of the results of a measure over time - ✔✔Stability
✔✔consistency of among items that compose a scale.
-methods for evaluating: split-half technique, cronbach's alpha, cross-test reliability -
✔✔Internal consistency
✔✔-Judgement-based validity
-Making sense on the face of things
-Weakest form of validity
For example, IQ tests are supposed to measure intelligence - ✔✔Face validity
✔✔-Measure predicts what you want it to
-Established with measures at different time points
Ex: high school GPA = performance in college - ✔✔Predictive validity
✔✔-Measure is related to other similar measures of the same variable
-Established with measurements taken about the same time
