APEX MOCK EXAM 1(Latest 2026/ 2027
Update) 100% Verified Questions &
Answers {Grade A}
Which antiarrhythmic agent is MOST likely to increase airway resistance, and the
patient with a history of severe asthma?
A. Verapamil
B. Adenosine
C. Digoxin
D. Amiodarone - correct answer B. Adenosine
Adenosine should not be given to patients with asthma, due to increased risk of
bronchospasm. All of the other answer choices are safe for patients with asthma.
Adenosine increases, potassium, conductance and supra. Ventricular noodle tissue.
And the atrial pacemaker cells this leads to hyperpolarization & decreases phase 4
depolarization. Adenosine also dilates the coronary arteries and decreases myocardial
oxygen consumption by its anti-adrenergic and negative Chronotropic affects. I
Denison does not affect the ventricular conduction system .
,Adenosine is useful during stress testing as well as the treatment of supraventricular
tachycardia. Dosing for SVT begins with 6 mg IV but may be escalated to 12 mg and
then 18mg is required. It's half life is only 0.6-1.5sec
Other contraindications to adenosine include 2nd or 3rd degree AV block, sinus node
disease or known sensitivity to adenosine.
Which statement demonstrates the MOST accurate understanding of the piston-driven
ventilator?
A. Increasing expiratory time decreases tidal volume.
B. The positive pressure relief valve opens at 75cmH2O
C. It has extrinsic peep of 2-3cmH2O
D. It consumes tank oxygen in the event of oxygen pipeline failure. - correct answer B.
The positive pressure relief valve opens at 75cmH2O
Piston-driven ventilators utilize an electric motor to compress the piston to generate
positive pressure. It will not consume tank oxygen in the event of oxygen pipeline
,failure. By contrast machines that use a gas driven bellows will use tank oxygen as the
drive gas if pipeline pressure is lost .
There are two pressure relief valves in the piston, driven ventilator : positive pressure
and negative pressure. The positive pressure relief valve opens if the circuit pressure
exceeds 75 +/- 5cmH2O. This prevents excessive pressure buildup in the airway. The
negative pressure relief valve opens at -8cmH2O. When the circuit pressure falls
below this value, the negative pressure relief valve opens and in trainer's room air.
This protects the patient against negative and expiratory pressure (NEEP). In this
instance, mixing of rumor, with fresh gas will cause a dilution of oxygen an anesthetic
agents.
Piston, driven, ventilators, incorporate fresh gas decoupling. They deliver a consistent
tidal volume regardless of changes made in fresh gas flow, respiratory rate, or the I:E
ratio. And mini gas driven Bellows ventilators changes in fresh gas, flow, respiratory
rate or the I:E ratio affect the tidal volume delivered to the patient. In these machines,
the total tidal volume delivered to a patient is the sum of tidal volume set on the
, ventilator plus the fresh gas flow during inspiration. Changing the FGF, RR or I:E could
change the total tidal volume delivered to the patient.
The piston-driven ventilator will not add an extrinsic peep to the Anesthesia circuit.
And contrast the gas driven Bellows add 2-3cmH2O extrinsic peep due to the design of
the ventilator spill valve
Final products of the soda lime reaction include: select 2
Sodium carbonate
Carbonic acid
Calcium carbonate
Sodium hydroxide - correct answer Calcium carbonate
Sodium hydroxide
The soda, lime reaction occurs and three steps:
1) CO2 + H2O <—> H2CO3
2) H2CO3 + NaOH <—> Na2CO3 + H2O + heat
3) NA2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 <—> CaCO3 + NaOH
Update) 100% Verified Questions &
Answers {Grade A}
Which antiarrhythmic agent is MOST likely to increase airway resistance, and the
patient with a history of severe asthma?
A. Verapamil
B. Adenosine
C. Digoxin
D. Amiodarone - correct answer B. Adenosine
Adenosine should not be given to patients with asthma, due to increased risk of
bronchospasm. All of the other answer choices are safe for patients with asthma.
Adenosine increases, potassium, conductance and supra. Ventricular noodle tissue.
And the atrial pacemaker cells this leads to hyperpolarization & decreases phase 4
depolarization. Adenosine also dilates the coronary arteries and decreases myocardial
oxygen consumption by its anti-adrenergic and negative Chronotropic affects. I
Denison does not affect the ventricular conduction system .
,Adenosine is useful during stress testing as well as the treatment of supraventricular
tachycardia. Dosing for SVT begins with 6 mg IV but may be escalated to 12 mg and
then 18mg is required. It's half life is only 0.6-1.5sec
Other contraindications to adenosine include 2nd or 3rd degree AV block, sinus node
disease or known sensitivity to adenosine.
Which statement demonstrates the MOST accurate understanding of the piston-driven
ventilator?
A. Increasing expiratory time decreases tidal volume.
B. The positive pressure relief valve opens at 75cmH2O
C. It has extrinsic peep of 2-3cmH2O
D. It consumes tank oxygen in the event of oxygen pipeline failure. - correct answer B.
The positive pressure relief valve opens at 75cmH2O
Piston-driven ventilators utilize an electric motor to compress the piston to generate
positive pressure. It will not consume tank oxygen in the event of oxygen pipeline
,failure. By contrast machines that use a gas driven bellows will use tank oxygen as the
drive gas if pipeline pressure is lost .
There are two pressure relief valves in the piston, driven ventilator : positive pressure
and negative pressure. The positive pressure relief valve opens if the circuit pressure
exceeds 75 +/- 5cmH2O. This prevents excessive pressure buildup in the airway. The
negative pressure relief valve opens at -8cmH2O. When the circuit pressure falls
below this value, the negative pressure relief valve opens and in trainer's room air.
This protects the patient against negative and expiratory pressure (NEEP). In this
instance, mixing of rumor, with fresh gas will cause a dilution of oxygen an anesthetic
agents.
Piston, driven, ventilators, incorporate fresh gas decoupling. They deliver a consistent
tidal volume regardless of changes made in fresh gas flow, respiratory rate, or the I:E
ratio. And mini gas driven Bellows ventilators changes in fresh gas, flow, respiratory
rate or the I:E ratio affect the tidal volume delivered to the patient. In these machines,
the total tidal volume delivered to a patient is the sum of tidal volume set on the
, ventilator plus the fresh gas flow during inspiration. Changing the FGF, RR or I:E could
change the total tidal volume delivered to the patient.
The piston-driven ventilator will not add an extrinsic peep to the Anesthesia circuit.
And contrast the gas driven Bellows add 2-3cmH2O extrinsic peep due to the design of
the ventilator spill valve
Final products of the soda lime reaction include: select 2
Sodium carbonate
Carbonic acid
Calcium carbonate
Sodium hydroxide - correct answer Calcium carbonate
Sodium hydroxide
The soda, lime reaction occurs and three steps:
1) CO2 + H2O <—> H2CO3
2) H2CO3 + NaOH <—> Na2CO3 + H2O + heat
3) NA2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 <—> CaCO3 + NaOH
