CIBTAC UPDATED EXAMS TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Moist/wet heat sterilisation - ✔✔BOILING: boiling at 100 degrees for 20 minutes.
STEAMING (AUTOCLAVE): steam pressure at 120-130 degrees for 20 minutes.
✔✔Dry heat sterilisation - ✔✔BAKING: 149 degrees for 1 hour (often used in hospitals)
BEAD: glass beads 250-260 degrees for a minimum of 30 seconds.
✔✔Gamma Ray Radiation - ✔✔Destroys micro organisms through action of ionised
particles (not suited for salon use, mostly for the medical field).
✔✔First Level of Sanitation - ✔✔Equipment that does not pierce the skin:
1. wash in warm soapy water
2. rinse
3. dry
4. wipe with metho
5. place in sanitising cabinet until use
✔✔Second Level of Sanitation - ✔✔Equipment in contact with mucous membranes and
pierce the skin:
1. rinse in COLD (prevents coagulation) soapy water
,2. wash in warm soapy water
3. rinse
4. dry
5. immerse in disinfectant for 10 minutes
6. rinse, dry and place in sanitising cabinet until use
✔✔Third Level of Sanitation - ✔✔Heat (moist or dry) and Radiation.
✔✔Bacteria - ✔✔One celled living organisms, reproduce through amitosis.
Not visible to the naked eye.
-Pathogenic (disease forming)
-Non-pathogenic (good bacteria)
Ideal temperature is 37 degrees in warm, dark and moist environments.
✔✔Active Bacteria - ✔✔Full growth in 20-30 minutes
✔✔Inactive Bacteria - ✔✔Unable to grow and reproduce when exposed to too much
light, heat, lack of food or moisture.
✔✔Spores - ✔✔Hard shell like covering that bacteria forms while environment is
unfavourable and allows bacteria to survive during that period.
Bacteria cannot cause disease while in spore.
Once conditions become favourable, the spores drop.
✔✔Cocci - ✔✔Round berry shaped bacteria, are not able to move in liquid.
Can occur singularly or in groups.
3 main types: streptococci, staphlococci and diplococci.
✔✔Streptococci - ✔✔Form in chains, commonly found in respiratory tract and
intestines.
Can cause blood poisoning, scarlet fever.
✔✔Staphylococci - ✔✔Form in bunches or clusters, amongst the strongest of non-spore
forming bacteria.
Responsible for many skin disorders e.g. carbuncles, faruncles, food poisonng and
abcesses.
✔✔Diplococci - ✔✔Grow in pairs causes measles and influenza.
,✔✔Classifications of bacteria - ✔✔Cocci
Bacilli
Spirilla
✔✔Bacilli - ✔✔Rod shaped, can occur singularly or in groups.
Can cause tetanus, typhoid fever.
✔✔Spirilla - ✔✔Corkscrew shaped and can cause syphilis.
✔✔Viruses - ✔✔Parasite consisting of DNA coil surrounded by a protein sheath.
They are so small they can pass through a porcelain filter.
All are pathogenic and do not respond to antibiotics
✔✔How do Viruses Reproduce - ✔✔Virus attaches itself to host cell.
Virus injects DNA into cell.
The cells metabolism reproduces according to DNA.
The virus then destroys host cell by releasing 100-200 new viruses.
✔✔How Bacteria enters the Body - ✔✔Mouth: air, drinking, eating.
Nose: air, water.
Eyes: dirt.
Ears: dirt, water.
Breaks or cuts in skin.
Infected blood passing into bloodstream.
Exchange of bodily fluids.
✔✔Bodys Defence - ✔✔Tears from eyes.
White blood cells.
Saliva from mouth.
Acid from stomach.
Antitoxins.
Bleeding.
Mucous hairs in nose.
Rising of body temperature.
✔✔How Bacteria is Transmitted - ✔✔Unclean hands.
Unclean instruments.
Sores and pus.
Mouth and nose discharge.
Shared use of items.
, ✔✔Endogenous infection - ✔✔Reactivation of organisms present in a dormant state
e.g. tuberculosis.
✔✔Exogenous infection - ✔✔Caused by organisms not normally present in the body but
have gained entry by the environment.
✔✔Fungi - ✔✔Plant like organisms moulds (multicellular) and yeasts (unicellular) that
produce spores
secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients from their host which damages tissues
of the body.
✔✔Parasites - ✔✔Organism that lives in or on a host to absorb nutrients.
They damage body cells and leave toxic waste e.g. lice, scabies.
✔✔Hepatitis - ✔✔Inflammation of the liver.
✔✔Hepatitis A - ✔✔Comes from faeces to oral transmission, does not cause chronic
infection and have vaccination.
Most recover completely
symptoms include vomiting and nausea.
✔✔Hepatitis B - ✔✔From blood and bodily fluids, can cause chronic infection but can
be vaccinated.
✔✔Hepatitis C - ✔✔From blood and bodily fluids, can cause chronic infection and life
long management.
✔✔Hepatitis D - ✔✔Blood and bodily fluids, can cause chronic infection and life long
management.
✔✔AIDS - ✔✔Last stage of hepatitis infection can can cause death.
✔✔Personal hygiene - ✔✔Shower daily.
Use good deoderant.
Use mild perfume.
Have clean hair tied back.
Have short, clean, manicured nails.
Light, fresh makeup.
No jewellery.
Clean uniform.
Cover cuts.
✔✔Salon Hygiene - ✔✔Use disposables.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Moist/wet heat sterilisation - ✔✔BOILING: boiling at 100 degrees for 20 minutes.
STEAMING (AUTOCLAVE): steam pressure at 120-130 degrees for 20 minutes.
✔✔Dry heat sterilisation - ✔✔BAKING: 149 degrees for 1 hour (often used in hospitals)
BEAD: glass beads 250-260 degrees for a minimum of 30 seconds.
✔✔Gamma Ray Radiation - ✔✔Destroys micro organisms through action of ionised
particles (not suited for salon use, mostly for the medical field).
✔✔First Level of Sanitation - ✔✔Equipment that does not pierce the skin:
1. wash in warm soapy water
2. rinse
3. dry
4. wipe with metho
5. place in sanitising cabinet until use
✔✔Second Level of Sanitation - ✔✔Equipment in contact with mucous membranes and
pierce the skin:
1. rinse in COLD (prevents coagulation) soapy water
,2. wash in warm soapy water
3. rinse
4. dry
5. immerse in disinfectant for 10 minutes
6. rinse, dry and place in sanitising cabinet until use
✔✔Third Level of Sanitation - ✔✔Heat (moist or dry) and Radiation.
✔✔Bacteria - ✔✔One celled living organisms, reproduce through amitosis.
Not visible to the naked eye.
-Pathogenic (disease forming)
-Non-pathogenic (good bacteria)
Ideal temperature is 37 degrees in warm, dark and moist environments.
✔✔Active Bacteria - ✔✔Full growth in 20-30 minutes
✔✔Inactive Bacteria - ✔✔Unable to grow and reproduce when exposed to too much
light, heat, lack of food or moisture.
✔✔Spores - ✔✔Hard shell like covering that bacteria forms while environment is
unfavourable and allows bacteria to survive during that period.
Bacteria cannot cause disease while in spore.
Once conditions become favourable, the spores drop.
✔✔Cocci - ✔✔Round berry shaped bacteria, are not able to move in liquid.
Can occur singularly or in groups.
3 main types: streptococci, staphlococci and diplococci.
✔✔Streptococci - ✔✔Form in chains, commonly found in respiratory tract and
intestines.
Can cause blood poisoning, scarlet fever.
✔✔Staphylococci - ✔✔Form in bunches or clusters, amongst the strongest of non-spore
forming bacteria.
Responsible for many skin disorders e.g. carbuncles, faruncles, food poisonng and
abcesses.
✔✔Diplococci - ✔✔Grow in pairs causes measles and influenza.
,✔✔Classifications of bacteria - ✔✔Cocci
Bacilli
Spirilla
✔✔Bacilli - ✔✔Rod shaped, can occur singularly or in groups.
Can cause tetanus, typhoid fever.
✔✔Spirilla - ✔✔Corkscrew shaped and can cause syphilis.
✔✔Viruses - ✔✔Parasite consisting of DNA coil surrounded by a protein sheath.
They are so small they can pass through a porcelain filter.
All are pathogenic and do not respond to antibiotics
✔✔How do Viruses Reproduce - ✔✔Virus attaches itself to host cell.
Virus injects DNA into cell.
The cells metabolism reproduces according to DNA.
The virus then destroys host cell by releasing 100-200 new viruses.
✔✔How Bacteria enters the Body - ✔✔Mouth: air, drinking, eating.
Nose: air, water.
Eyes: dirt.
Ears: dirt, water.
Breaks or cuts in skin.
Infected blood passing into bloodstream.
Exchange of bodily fluids.
✔✔Bodys Defence - ✔✔Tears from eyes.
White blood cells.
Saliva from mouth.
Acid from stomach.
Antitoxins.
Bleeding.
Mucous hairs in nose.
Rising of body temperature.
✔✔How Bacteria is Transmitted - ✔✔Unclean hands.
Unclean instruments.
Sores and pus.
Mouth and nose discharge.
Shared use of items.
, ✔✔Endogenous infection - ✔✔Reactivation of organisms present in a dormant state
e.g. tuberculosis.
✔✔Exogenous infection - ✔✔Caused by organisms not normally present in the body but
have gained entry by the environment.
✔✔Fungi - ✔✔Plant like organisms moulds (multicellular) and yeasts (unicellular) that
produce spores
secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients from their host which damages tissues
of the body.
✔✔Parasites - ✔✔Organism that lives in or on a host to absorb nutrients.
They damage body cells and leave toxic waste e.g. lice, scabies.
✔✔Hepatitis - ✔✔Inflammation of the liver.
✔✔Hepatitis A - ✔✔Comes from faeces to oral transmission, does not cause chronic
infection and have vaccination.
Most recover completely
symptoms include vomiting and nausea.
✔✔Hepatitis B - ✔✔From blood and bodily fluids, can cause chronic infection but can
be vaccinated.
✔✔Hepatitis C - ✔✔From blood and bodily fluids, can cause chronic infection and life
long management.
✔✔Hepatitis D - ✔✔Blood and bodily fluids, can cause chronic infection and life long
management.
✔✔AIDS - ✔✔Last stage of hepatitis infection can can cause death.
✔✔Personal hygiene - ✔✔Shower daily.
Use good deoderant.
Use mild perfume.
Have clean hair tied back.
Have short, clean, manicured nails.
Light, fresh makeup.
No jewellery.
Clean uniform.
Cover cuts.
✔✔Salon Hygiene - ✔✔Use disposables.
